父母外出务工与留守子女辍学--基于CHNS调查数据的经验分析

摘要

Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), this paper analyzes the relationship between parental migration and left-behind children’s dropout from secondary and high school in Chinese rural areas. The results show that paternal migration will significantly reduce the probability of left-behind children’s dropout from both secondary and high schools, while maternal migration will largely increase the possibility of children’s dropout from secondary school. Moreover, our results confirm that the Free Compulsory Education Policy has in a large extent reduced the dropout ratio of the left-behind children, whereas parental education level is also highly connected to their children’s education acquisition, namely the higher level of education parents received, the lower possibility for children to drop out from schools. In addition, the number of children in the family and the opportunity costs of going to school have both contributed to a much higher dropout possibility. Thus, to reduce left- behind children’s dropout from school, the government should focus on: creating more local employment opportunities for migrant labors, especially the female ones;impelling the reform of household registration system to ensure that children can migrant with their parents and receive the same educational opportunities in the destination areas; providing education subsidies for families with many children or children in high school.%利用中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）数据，本研究对农村父母外出务工与留守子女初、高中阶段辍学行为之间的关系进行了实证分析。结果表明：父亲外出务工会显著降低留守子女初、高中阶段的辍学概率，母亲外出务工则会显著增加留守子女初中阶段的辍学概率。此外，免费义务教育政策的实施在较大程度上降低了留守子女的初、高中阶段的辍学概率；与那些父母受教育程度较低的留守子女相比，父母受教育程度越高的留守子女越不容易辍学；家庭子女数和机会成本会提高留守子女初中阶段辍学的概率。因此，为降低农村中学阶段子女辍学率，政府应当增加农村妇女当地就业机会以减少母亲外出的影响、推进户籍制度改革使随迁子女能获得同等的教育机会，并为高中阶段和多子女家庭提供教育补贴。