In this paper, we used CEPS baseline data to analyze the influence factors of academic differences between male and female students in junior middle school education. The statistical results show that as an important index of school education quality, there is a strong correlation between students'average examination scores and the academic advantages of male and female students. Further empirical finds show that the higher school average scores, the more forward distribution of male students'scores. Meanwhile, the achievement gap between male and female students is smaller and tends to be consistent. Evidence from both the school level and the student level shows that along with improvement of education quality, male students'scores improve faster than female students and pull up school overall average scores. This means that school education quality is more beneficial to male students'academic advantages. The empirical results based on large sample data are also the useful supplement to explanation of"female superiority to male"phenomenon in education. This study suggests that overall improvement of education quality is an effective measure to solve the current problem of education inequality.%本文利用中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)基线数据,分析了我国初中教育阶段男女生学业差异的影响因素.统计结果显示,作为学校教育质量的重要衡量指标,在校学生平均成绩与男女生学业优势存在强烈的相关性.进一步实证发现,学校平均成绩越高,男生相对于女生的成绩分布越前移,男女生成绩差距越小并趋于一致.来自学校层面和学生层面的证据都表明,伴随着学校平均成绩的提高,男生比女生成绩提升更快,并拉动了学校整体平均成绩的提高;这也反映出学校教育质量的提高,更有利于男生学业优势的发挥.基于大样本调查数据的实证结果成为教育中"女优于男"现象解释的有益补充,研究建议教育质量的整体提高是解决现阶段教育不平等问题的有效措施.
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