豫南山区不同群落类型近地表层持水特性

摘要

为了分析不同植物群落在不同生长阶段近地表层的持水能力及其差异特征,该文通过选择豫南山区不同群落不同生长阶段的50个典型样地,对近地表层的地上草和枯落物的有关持水能力指标进行测定分析.结果表明:地上草生物量呈随林龄的增大而减少的趋势,与其持水量之间呈极显著正相关关系(P＜0.01),其拦蓄能力变化趋势为:草丛＞灌丛＞针叶林(20 a)＞针叶林(45 a)＞针阔混交林(20 a)＞针阔混交林(30 a)＞阔叶林(10 a)＞针阔混交林(50 a)＞阔叶林(20 a)＞阔叶林(30 a);枯落物最大持水量、有效拦蓄量与现存量间呈正相关关系,其中最大持水量变化趋势为:灌丛＞阔叶林(20 a)＞阔叶林(30 a)＞针阔混交林(30a)＞针阔混交林(20 a)＞针阔混交林(50 a)＞针叶林(20 a)＞阔叶林(10 a)＞针叶林(45 a)＞草丛.该地区不同群落类型近地表层总持水能力变化趋势为:灌丛＞针叶林＞阔叶林＞针阔混交林＞草丛,这说明应当加大对乔木林分林下植被的保护,以利更好的水土保持效果.%In order to analyze the water-holding capacity and different characters of different communities in different growth stages in near surface layer, the study choose 50 typical plots of different communities of different growth stages in south of Henan mountain area to mensurate and analyze the related water-holding capacity of ahoveground grass and litters of water conservation in near surface layer. Results showed that the biomass of aboveground that had the high significant positive correlation(P＜0.01) with water holding capacity declined as the age increased. The interception ability of the grass's trend was: Grass＞ Shrub＞ Coniferous forest(20 a) ＞ Coniferous forest(40 a)＞ Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest (20 a) ＞ Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest (30 a)＞ Broad-leaved forest(10 a) ＞Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest (50 a) ＞broad-leaved forest (20 a)＞ Broad-leaved forest (30 a);The maximum water-holding capacity and available interception ability had significant correlation with standing crop of the litter.Maximum water-holding capacity of the litter for the comprehensive trend was: Broad-leaved forest (20 a)＞ Broad-leaved forest (30 a)＞ Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest (30 a)＞ Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest (20 a)＞ Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest (50 a)＞Coniferous forest (20 a)＞ Broad-leaved forest (10 a)＞ Coniferous forest ( 45 a)＞Grass. The comprehensive trend of gross water holding capacity of near surface layer in this area was: Shrub ＞Coniferous forest ＞Broad-leaved forest＞Mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest＞Grass, which showed that the better protection measures should be given to under storey vegetation of arbor forest to have a better soil and water conservation effect.