河西汉塞“河渠卒”为“治渠卒”辨

摘要

From the middle of the Western Han to the early Eastern Han, the empire had maintained the gar-rison system in the Hexi region in order to defend against the Huns. Han dynasty wooden and bamboo slips found in northwest China classified soldiers of the garrison system stationed in this region into categories such as garrison soldiers, farming soldiers, and soldiers in charge of rivers and canals. An examination of these Han dy-nasty records from Juyan and Jianshuijinguan as well as extant documents indicates that the traditional “hequ-zu (river-canal soldiers)” should actually be identified as “zhiqu-zu,” a category of solider mainly engaged in the construction and maintenance of waterworks in farming areas.%西汉中期以降至东汉前期，汉帝国为抵御匈奴，曾在河西地区组织长期屯戍活动。西北汉简所见边塞屯戍组织中的兵卒，除戍卒、田卒等外，还多见有所谓的“河渠卒”。辨析居延汉简、肩水金关汉简史料，并参据传世文献，传统认识上的“河渠卒”，似应定名为“治渠卒”。“治渠卒”主要在河西屯田地区从事水渠修筑建设与水利工程维护。