应县木塔秘藏中的辽代卜筮书刻本

摘要

应县木塔秘藏中，发现辽代卜筮书刻本一件，书名和撰者不详，从仅存文字内容看，系用宫、商、角、徵、羽五音及木奴、天牛、玉犬、星象和时辰等占卜凶吉，俱与丧葬有关，为葬事的吉凶选择，属于葬书。其风格与同出的《蒙求》相同。《蒙求》成书于唐时，辽代阴阳学并不发达，该卜筮书成书也当在辽代以前，甚至可能在唐代以前。书中的木奴歌、天牛吼等不见于现存其他著录，作为考订歌吼日的实证资料，具有重要的学术研究价值。%Among the wooden pagoda hoard in the Ying County there is a block-printed divination book of the Liao dynasty whose title and author remain unknown. The text suggests that it divines good or bad fortunes by using the five notes of traditional Chinese music (gong, shang, jiao, zhi, yu) , munu (a metaphor for citrus trees) , heavenly ox, jade dog, stars, and the hours of the day. All these are related to burial and thus this text should be a burial book. Its style is the same as that of the Mengqiu (a children’s primer) that was found in the same hoard, which was written in the Tang dynasty. Taking into account the fact that the theory of Yin-Yang was not developed in the Liao dynasty, this divination book should have been written earlier than the Liao, or even the Tang dynasty. Contents such as the song of munu and the roar of the heavenly ox are not found in any other extant records, giving this text important academic value.