机器美学与“直线”的共生--浅析设计现代性转型中直线形式的意味

摘要

The transition of modern design occurred in the era of industrial civilization and was caused by a key element-machine. It brought profound changes in cognitive and aesthetic aspects. Therefore, the main form of modern design, linear shape, includes several implications of machine aestheticism. This paper focuses on two clues:how the machine aesthetic emerged and what the machine aesthetic implicates by sorting the history of modern design. In the early industrial revolution, the resistance to crude machine forced the pioneering designers to improve machine with art. Then the Futurism triggered a romantic imagination of machine which showed great power around World War I, and the linear shape as the symbol of machine appeared in art and design. Finally, the improvement of industrialization helped designers to comprehend the simplicity, efifciency and rationality of machine, and laid the linear shape as the main form of modern design.%设计的现代性转型发生在工业文明的时代背景下，机器是促成其转向的关键因素。现代设计的主要形式语言--“直线”，即由机器引发的在认知和审美上的深层变化而浮现，包含了机器美学的诸多意味。围绕机器何以为美、机器以何为美两条研究线索展开，通过梳理并分析机器产生之初在排斥情绪下以艺术弥补技术的努力、一战前后由未来派引发的对机器的浪漫想象，以及工业化精进阶段设计界对机器简洁、效率、秩序的理解，探讨了在设计的现代性转折中，机器是如何在人们的理解认知和视觉接受上成为审美对象的，进而形成了“机器美学”，赋予并丰富着现代设计中“直线”形式的意味：简洁素朴、功能良好、效率至上和理性秩序。