氮肥运筹模式对双季稻植株干物质积累和产量的影响

摘要

Nitrogen ( N) application patterns is an important management measures that affects rice growth, photosynthetic material production and grain yield. Therefore, in order to investigate the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and grain yield in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) with different N application patterns in the double-cropping rice system, the dry matter accumulation and distribution, grain yield of early rice and late rice were analyzed under application of N was 120kg/hm2 of early rice and application of N was 210 kg/hm2 of late rice ( N120+210), application of N was 150 kg/hm2 of early rice and application of N was 180 kg/hm2 of late rice ( N150+180), application of N was 180 kg/hm2 of early rice and application of N was 150 kg/hm2 of late rice ( N180+150), application of N was 210 kg/hm2 of early rice and application of N was 120 kg/hm2 of late rice ( N (210 + 120) ), without application of N of early and late rice as a control (CK). The results showed that the tillering numbers of rice with N150+180 treatment were higher than that of the other treatments at the main growth stages of early rice and late rice. And the leaf area index with different treatments was N180+150> N150+180> N (210 + 120)> N120+210> CK and N150+180> N120+210> N180+150> N (210 + 120)> CK at the main growth stages of early rice and late rice, respectively. Meanwhile, the root dry weight of rice plant with N (210 + 120) and N120+210 treatments were higher than that of the CK treatment at the main growth stages of early rice and late rice, and the stem and leaves dry weight of rice plant with N (210 + 120) and N150+180 treatments were higher than that of the CK treatment at the main growth stages of early rice and late rice, the panicle dry weight of rice plant with N150+180 and N180+150 treatments were higher than that of the CK treatment at the main growth stages of early rice and late rice, respectively. The results indicated that there were no significantly differences in spikelet number per panicle and 1000 grain weight of rice plant among different treatments. The grain yield of early rice and late rice with N180+150 and N150+180 treatments were higher than that of the other treatments, respectively. Compared with CK treatment, the grain yield of early rice and late rice with N150+180 treatments increased by 1849. 5 kg/hm2 and 1879. 5 kg/hm2 respectively. Compared with other treatments, the different part of dry matter accumulation of rice plant with N150+180 treatment were reasonable distribution, and improved grain yield and yield components of rice plant.%氮肥运筹是影响水稻生长发育、物质生产及其产量的重要栽培措施.为探明双季稻区不同氮肥运筹模式对水稻植株干物质积累及产量的影响,设计5种施氮模式:早稻和晚稻均不施氮肥(N0,CK),早稻施N120 kg/hm2+晚稻施N210 kg/hm2(N120+210)、早稻施N150 kg/hm2+晚稻施N180 kg/hm2(N150+180)、早稻施N180 kg/hm2+晚稻施N150 kg/hm2(N180+150)、早稻施N210 kg/hm2+晚稻施N120 kg/hm2(N(210 + 120)),比较研究5种氮肥运筹模式下早稻和晚稻植株干物质积累及产量的变化.结果表明:(1)N150+180处理植株分蘖数下降幅度平缓,其分蘖数多、成穗率较高;(2)早稻各主要生育时期各处理植株LAI大小顺序为N180+150> N150+180> N(210 + 120)> N120+210> CK,晚稻各主要生育时期各处理植株LAI大小顺序为N150+180> N120+210> N180+150> N(210 + 120)> CK;(3)分蘖期至成熟期,早稻和晚稻植株的根系干重分别以N(210 + 120)、N120+210处理最高,茎、叶干重分别以N(210 + 120)和N150+180处理最高,穗干重均以N150+180和N180+150处理最高,且均显著高于CK;(4)各处理水稻的穗总粒数和千粒重均无显著性差异;(5)早稻和晚稻产量均以N150+180处理最高,分别比对照增加1849. 5和1879. 5 kg/hm2.因此,早稻施用纯氮150 kg/hm2和晚稻施用纯氮180 kg/hm2的施肥模式,有利于增加水稻植株干物质积累,改善产量构成因素,从而获得较高的水稻产量.