不同施肥模式对大麦-双季稻三熟种植模式中大麦干物质积累、分配及产量的影响

摘要

为探明不同施肥模式对大麦-双季稻三熟种植模式中大麦干物质积累、分配及产量影响，以通0306和蒙啤麦1号为材料，系统比较研究化肥、秸秆还田+化肥、习惯施肥和无肥4种施肥模式。结果表明，大麦主要生育期，单株根系干重均表现为秸秆还田>习惯施肥>化肥>无肥，茎干重表现为习惯施肥>秸秆还田>化肥>无肥；齐穗期和成熟期，各处理间大麦单株根系和茎干重差异均达显著水平。单株叶、穗干重均表现为秸秆还田>习惯施肥>化肥>无肥。齐穗期和成熟期，根系干重占总干物质量的比例大小顺序为无肥>化肥>秸秆还田>习惯施肥，穗干重比例为秸秆还田>化肥>习惯施肥>无肥；茎干重比例以习惯施肥最高；叶干重比例在成熟期表现为化肥>无肥>习惯施肥＞秸秆还田。齐穗期，化肥、秸秆还田和习惯施肥处理大麦叶片SPAD值均显著高于无肥处理；成熟期，各处理间差异达显著水平。各处理大麦单株叶面积大小顺序为秸秆还田>习惯施肥>化肥>无肥。各施肥模式大麦产量表现为秸秆还田>习惯施肥>化肥>无肥，分别比无肥增产353.4~357.6、681.6~683.0和497.4~523.5 kg·hm-2。与化肥和习惯施肥处理相比，秸秆还田处理干物质总量大且分配合理，有利于改善产量构成因素，增加大麦产量。%The effects of different long−term fertilizer managements including mineral fertilizer alone (MF), rice residues plus mineral fertilizer (RF), local farmer’s fertilization (LF) and without fertilizer (CK) on dry matter accumulation, distribution and grain yield of barley (Hordaum vulgare L.) cultivars Tong0306 and Mengpimai1 under barley and double cropping rice triple crops planting patterns were analyzed in detail in present paper. The results showed that there was significant difference in dry weight of root and stem per plant at barley heading stage and mature stage among MF, RF, LF and CK, and the sequences were RF>LF>MF>CK, LF>RF>MF>CK, respectively, at the main growth stages. The sequences of leaf and panicle dry weight per plant were RF>LF>MF>CK at the main growth stages. Furthermore, the leaf and panicle dry weight of barley at the main growth stages with RF was significantly higher than that with CK. There was significant difference among the four fertilizer managements in dry matter weight ratio of root and shoot to total plant at the main growth stages. The sequences of dry matter weight ratio of root and panicle to total plant were CK>MF>RF>LF, RF>MF>LF>CK, respectively, at heading stage and mature stage. The dry matter weight ratio of stem to total plant at the main growth stages with LF was higher than that of the other treatments. The sequences of dry matter weight ratio of leaf to total plant were MF>CK>LF>RF at mature stage. In addition, the SPAD value of barley leaves with MF, RF and LF was significantly higher than that with CK at heading stage. And there was significant difference among MF, RF, LF and CK at mature stage. Meanwhile, the sequences of leaf area per plant with different fertilizer managements were RF>LF>MF>CK at the main growth stages. Yield of barley with different fertilizer managements was significantly different with the highest for RF, and the lowest for CK. Compared with CK, the yield of MF, RF and LF increased by 353.4-357.6, 681.6-683.0 and 497.4-523.5 kg·hm-2, while the barley with RF had signi-ficantly higher total dry matter accumulation and reasonable distribution, which may contribute to improve yield and yield components.