德国教育历史文化人类学的形成与方法论突破

摘要

始于20世纪90年代末的德国教育历史文化人类学,将"文化"与"历史"结合起来,拓展对"人类形象"复杂性的研究范围,将教育人类学的触角深入到社会现实和文化背景中.德国教育人类学方法论实现了重要突破:在主流人类学范式的互动交流和跨文化背景的持续影响下,形成了关切本体性与多样性的研究主题,确定了研究人类形象的"新双重视角",将人类学经典的田野研究方法与德国本土的质性研究方法结合起来,传统教育人类学的二元对立式思维、孤立式思维和演绎式思维等被整体性综合思维所取代,德国教育人类学与普通教育学的关系得以重塑.%The educational historical and cultural anthropology originated in the late 1990s combines"culture "with"history",thus expands the scope of researches on the complexity of human image,and extends educational anthropology into social reality and cultural background.The methodology of German educational anthropology has made several major breakthroughs:The research theme focusing on ontology and diversity has been formed under the influence of the interaction of mainstream anthropological paradigm in the intercultural background;"New dual perspectives"has been established;Local qualitative research methods have been integrated with field research methods;Traditional ways of thinking in educational anthropology,such as binary vertical thinking,isolated thinking and deductive thinking,have been replaced by comprehensive thinking.As a result,the relationship between German educational anthropology and general pedagogy is reshaped.