学位教育:专业教育应修正为行业教育

摘要

目前,我国把为行业培养应用型人才的学位教育称为专业型学位教育,把为学科培养理论型人才的学位教育称为学术型学位教育,很难准确反映这两种教育的本质.专业有学科专业和行业专业,是不同学科知识体系和行业实践活动的分类.相同学科知识基础也有学科专业与行业专业的区别.培养应用型人才的教育与培养理论型人才的教育的本质区别不是是否有专业和做研究的区别,而是学科专业和行业专业及其培养人才的教育目标和方式的区别.现行的硕士、博士学位教育名称应该把硕士、博士专业学位教育修正为行业型和实践型学位教育.%At present,the degree education for training application-oriented talents for industries is named professional degree education,while the degree education for cultivating theory-oriented talents of disciplines is called academic degree education.However,this professional versus academic degree distinction can not reflect the essence of both types of education.Professions fall into two types:disciplinary and industrial professions,and they are classified in accordance with the different disciplinary knowledge system and industry practical activities involved.Meanwhile,the knowledge bases of same disciplinary knowledge also differ in disciplinary and industrial profession.The essential differences between application-oriented education and theory-oriented education do not lie in discipline or research,but in their targets and methods of education.Therefore,the existing categories of degree education should be renamed:changing the professional degree education into industry degree education and practical degree education.