3D 打印是一种快速成型的增材制造技术.光固化立体印刷(SLA)是技术较成熟和应用较广的一种 3D 打印技术.SLA 是采用紫外激光的单光子聚合过程,其加工分辨率受经典光学衍射极限的限制,难以满足分辨率高的微纳结构的加工.不同于 SLA,利用近红外波长飞秒激光的双光子聚合 3D 打印技术可以突破经典光学衍射的限制,制造分辨率高的纳米尺度任意形状三维结构.本文将介绍双光子吸收和双光子聚合的原理、双光子聚合的发展和双光子聚合 3D 打印技术的应用,最后对该技术的发展进行展望.%3D printing is a rapid prototyping technology based on an additive process. Stereolithography (SLA) as a mature 3D printing technology has been widely applied in industrial manufacture. SLA is the process of single-photon polymerization (SPP), and its resolution is controlled by the optical diffraction limit, which cannot meet the requirement for three dimensional micro/nanostructures with high resolution. Unlike SLA, 3D printing technology based on two-photon polymerization (TPP) induced by a near-infrared femtosecond laser can fabricate arbitrary and ultraprecise 3D microstructures with high resolution not only on the microscopic scale but also on the nanoscale. In this review, the principles of two-photon absorption and TPP were concisely explained. The development of TPP mainly focusing on TPP resolution and TPP initiators were introduced as well as the applications of 3D printing technology based on TPP. Finally, the perspective of 3D printing technology based on TPP was proposed.
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