贵州烟区烤烟K326株型特征研究

摘要

s:In order to understand the plant type characteristics of flue-cured tobacco K326 in Guizhou, a field experiment with two factors (plant density and number of leaves remained) was carried out to investigate the effects of different cultivation technique on plant type. The results showed that tobacco plants with 14 leaves remained were piping-piping type from 75 to 90 days after transplanting, with the largest leaf area on top leaf, about 165 days of growth period, low value, poorly coordinated chemical composition, and low sensory quality. Tobacco plants with 20 leaves remained were high deck-piping type from 75 to 90 days after transplanting, with growth period of about 155 days, the highest value, the well coordinated chemical composition, and high sensory quality. Tobacco plants with 24 leaves remained were high deck-high deck from 75 to 90 days after transplanting, with growth period of about 155 days, good value, well coordinated chemical composition, and the highest sensory quality. For different transplanting density, chlorophyll indices, photosynthetic indices and canopy indices of tobacco plants, 55 cm×100 cm density was good, the economic value were high, the chemical composition was well coordinated, and the sensory quality was the best. Ideal plant type of K326 was high deck-piping type after topping in Guizhou, the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were good if density was 18 195 plants/ha and 20 of leaves were remained.%　　为了解贵州烟区烤烟K326株型特征，设置植烟密度和留叶数2个试验因素，研究了不同栽培技术对K326株型的影响.结果表明，留叶数14片的烟株栽后75~90 d表现为筒型-筒型，叶面积最大叶片出现在顶部，生育期165 d左右，烟叶产值量、均价较低，下等烟比例偏高，上部叶烟碱含量较高，糖含量较低，糖碱比偏低，化学成分欠协调，烟叶感官质量最差；留叶数20片的烟株栽后75~90 d表现为高台型-筒型，生育期155 d左右，烟叶产值量、均价及橘色烟比例均较高，等级结构合理，上部叶烟碱含量适中，糖含量较高，糖碱比较高，化学成分较协调，烟叶感官质量较好；留叶数24片的烟株栽后75~90 d表现为高台型-高台型，生育期155 d左右，烟叶产值量、均价及橘色烟比例均较高，上部叶烟碱含量较低，化学成分较协调，烟叶感官质量最好.3个移栽密度中55 cm×100 cm的处理烟株叶绿素相对含量高，光合指标较优，叶面积指数较大，冠层下可见空隙比例较小，平均叶片倾斜角较小，光能利用率高，且产值量、均价及上中等烟比例高，烤后烟叶等级结构合理，烟叶感官质量较好.贵州烟区K326品种打顶后的理想株型为高台型-筒型，植烟密度18195株/公顷、留叶20片能得到较好的烤烟产质量.