蒙台梭利学前教育对低龄听障儿童智力、听觉能力的影响

摘要

目的：考察蒙台梭利学前教育对2～3岁听障儿童智力及听觉能力发展的影响。方法将14名2～3岁听障儿童随机分成实验组和对照组，每组7人。实验组接受常规听力语言康复教育和为期12个月的蒙台梭利幼儿课程训练，对照组只接受常规听力语言康复教育。采用Griffith精神发育量表和婴幼儿有意义听觉整合量表（IT-MAIS）测试两组儿童实验前后的智力和听觉能力。结果①Griffith精神发育量表评估总发育商上，实验组和对照组的前测成绩没有显著差异（t=-0.172， P>0.05），后测成绩实验组显著好于对照组（t=2.067，P<0.05）；②听觉能力测试总分上，实验组和对照组的前测成绩没有显著差异(t=-0.273，P>0.05)，后测成绩实验组显著好于对照组（t=6.041，P<0.05）；③听觉能力后测中，实验组的声音发声情况及理解能力显著好于对照组（t值分别为3.421和2.056，P值均<0.05），两组声音察知能力无明显差异(t=0.038， P>0.05)。结论蒙台梭利学前教育是听障儿童康复训练中可以选择使用的一种康复方式，对其智力发展及听力发展有一定的帮助。%Objective To observe the effects of Montessori preschool education on the intelligence and auditory development of hearing-impaired children aged 2-3 years. Methods A total of 14 hearing-impaired children were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 7 children in each. The experimental group received the routine auditory,speech rehabilitation and Montessori preschool curriculum for 12 months.By contrast, the control group only received routine auditory and speech rehabilitation training. The intelligence and auditory abilities of the children were evaluated with the Griffith Mental Development Scales (GMDS) and Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) respectively before and after the experiment. Results (1)There was no significant difference in the development quotient(DQ) of GMDS between the two groups before the experiment(t=-0.172,P>0.05), but the DQ of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group after the experiment(t=2.067,P<0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the auditory scores between the two groups before the experiment(t=-0.273,P>0.05), but the auditory scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group after the experiment(t=6.041,P<0.05).(3)The experimental group was significantly better than the control group in the phonation (P<0.05) and comprehension abilities (P<0.05), but the two groups had no significant difference in the sound detection ability(P>0.05). Conclusion Montessori preschool education is one of the effective rehabilitation approaches, and can facilitate the intelligence and auditory development of hearing-impaired children.