语速及语料对学龄前人工耳蜗植入儿童音调的影响

摘要

Objective To study the effects of speech rate, types of sentence and vowels on the pitch of preschoolers with cochlear implants and to provide advice on the clinical rehabilitation.Methods The values of MSF0,SDF0 and RangeF0 were analyzed from sixteen preschoolers with cochlear implants and sixteen normal children by the Real AnalysisTM, Dr. SpeechTM. The children were arranged in groups according to ages and genders. The subjects were asked to count from 1 to 10 at rapid, slow and medium speech rates, read declarative sentences, imperative sentences, interrogative sentences and continuous vowels/a/,/o/,/e/,/i/,/u/and /ü/. The acoustic parameters of two types of children were compared in different speech rates,types of sentences and vowels.ResultsThe speech rates had no significant effects on MSF0(P>0.05).The speech rates had significant effects on SDF0 and RangeF0 (P<0.01).The SDF0 and RangeF0 revealed significantly larger at slow and medium rates than at rapid rates(P<0.05).The MSF0 and SDF0 revealed significantly larger in interrogative sentences than in declarative and imperative sentences(P<0.05).The MSF0 was significantly larger in imperative sentences than in declarative sentence(P<0.05).The SDF0 in interrogative sentences was significantly larger for normal children than for the implanted children(P<0.05).The MSF0 and RangeF0 of /e/,/u/and /ü/ were significantly larger than those of /a/ and /o/(P<0.05). The RangeF0 of vowels was significantly larger for the implanted children than for the normal children(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the implanted children and the normal children in SDF0 of vowels(P>0.05).Conclusion The speech rates,types of sentences and vowels had significant effects on pitches, the pitch variation and the range for preschoolers with cochlear implants.%目的 研究不同语速、句类和元音语料对学龄前植入人工耳蜗儿童音调的影响,为听障儿童的临床言语康复提供建议和参考.方法 选取学龄前人工耳蜗儿童及性别、年龄相匹配的普通儿童各16名,采用Dr.SpeechTM实时言语测量仪对两类儿童在快、中、慢三种语速下从1数到10及陈述句、祈使句、疑问句三种句类语料和持续发/a、o、e、i、u、ü/元音语料下的声音样本进行声学分析,提取平均言语基频(MSF0)、基频标准差(SDF0)和基频变化范围(RangeF0)进行统计学分析,比较不同语速、句类和元音语料下两类儿童的音调差异.结果 语速对MSF0的主效应不显著(P>0.05),对SDF0和RangeF0的主效应极其显著(P<0.01);慢速及中速状态下的SDF0和RangeF0显著大于快速(P<0.05).疑问句的MSF0和RangeF0显著大于陈述句和祈使句,祈使句的MSF0显著大于陈述句(P<0.05);普通儿童的疑问句SDF0显著大于人工耳蜗儿童(P<0.05).高元音/e/、/u/、/ü/的MSF0和RangeF0显著大于中低元音/a/和/o/(P<0.05);人工耳蜗植入儿童的元音RangeF0显著大于普通儿童(P<0.05);被试类型和元音对SDF0的影响均不显著(P>0.05).结论 语速、句类和元音语料对学龄前人工耳蜗儿童的音调及音调变化幅度和范围有明显影响.