目的 了解健康教育前后大学生对乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)的认知情况,评价开展大学生乙肝健康教育效果,为制定更好的乙肝健康教育方案提供更为可靠的依据.方法 在山西省某高校抽取部分大学生,在健康教育前后进行乙肝防治知识问卷调查,内容包括对乙肝的相关知识的了解、乙肝传播途径及预防措施、对乙肝患者的态度等.结果 被调查大学生对乙肝基本知识的知晓率教育后明显高于教育前(6.0%～24.3%)(P＜0.01);经健康教育后,对乙肝的传播途径及预防措施的知晓率提高3.2%～42.5%(P＜0.05);在是否愿意与乙肝患者交往及工作、是否接受乙肝携带者的礼物等问题的知晓率分别提高了15.5%、13.3%、8.1%(P＜0.01);49.2%的大学生认为乙肝携带者不应该受到歧视,83.7%的大学生认为单位拒绝接受乙肝携带者不合理,均高于教育前(37.8%和57.1%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).医教人员、报纸杂志、电视、同学和家人是大学生获取乙肝知识的主要途径,经健康教育后大学生获取乙肝知识的主要途径中医教人员比例显著提高(P＜0.05),90.5%的大学生希望能获得有关乙肝的科学知识;在教育后再没有出现大学生对乙肝知识表示一无所知的情况.结论 大学生在健康教育后对乙肝知识的知晓率增高,对乙肝患者多有正确的态度,在大学生中间加强乙肝健康教育是预防乙肝的有效措施.%Objective To investigate the awareness rate of hepatitis B-related knowledge among undergraduates before and after health education and to evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B-related health education among undergraduates so as to provide more reliable scientific basis for developing a better plan of hepatitis B-related health education.Methods Some undergraduates were recuited in a college in Shanxi and performed questionnaire survey about hepatitis B before and after the health education.The questionmaire survey consisted of hepatitis B-related knowlege, the route of transmission and preservation of hepatitis B, and the attitudes of patients with hepatitis B et al.Results Among the undergraduates surveyed, the awareness rate of basic hepatitis B-related knowledge was significantly higher after health education than that before health education (6.0％～24.3％) (P＜0.01).After health education, the awareness rate of transmission route and preventive measures of hepatitis B was increased by 3.2％～42.5％(P＜0.05).Those undergraduates who are willing to contact and work with hepatitis B patients and to accept their gifts were increased by 15.5％, 13.3％ and 8.1％.respectively (P＜0.01).49.2％ of undergraduates believed that hepatitis B virus-carriers should not be discriminated, and 83.7％ of undergraduates thought it was unrational for the workplace to refuse hepatitis B virus-carriers, these were both higher than those before health education (37.8％ vs 57.1％) hence a statistical difference (P＜0.01).The hepatitis B-related knowledge was obtained mainly from medical service staffs,newspapers and magazines, television, classmates and family.And the medical service staffs, one of the major approaches for undergraduates to obtain hepatitis B-related knowledge, had a significant increased poporation after health education (P＜0.05).90.5％ of undergraduates hope to obtain scientific knowledge about hepatitis B.After health education, there was no undergraduate knowing nothing about hepatitis B.Conclusion After health education, the awareness rate of hepatitis B-related knowledge was increased among undergraduates surveryed.Moreover, most undergraduates had correct attitudes towards the hepatitis B patients.Therefore, health education of hepatitis B knowledge among undergraduates might be an effective measure for hepatitis B prevention.
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