企业员工的工作倦怠与功能性躯体不适

摘要

目的:调查企业员工工作倦怠者的功能性躯体不适状况,探讨工作倦怠与功能性躯体不适的关系.方法:采用招募方式在广州市共纳入217名企业员工,采用Maslach工作倦怠量表通用版(MBI-GS)和病人健康问卷(PHQ-15)评定工作倦怠以及功能性躯体不适状况.根据MBI-GS总分(总分0-1.49分为无倦怠,1.50-6分为倦怠)将人组对象分为倦怠组与非倦怠组.结果:非倦怠组(n=96)中存在轻度以上功能性躯体不适症状者占35.4%,倦怠组(n=121)占71.0%;倦怠组PHQ-15总分及胃痛、背痛、四肢或关节痛、胸痛、心慌、气短、性生活异常、大便异常、消化系统不适、疲劳感和睡眠困难症状分均高于非倦怠组(均P<0.05);MBI-GS总分及情感衰竭维度分与胃痛、背痛、四肢关节疼痛、胸痛、心慌、气短、大便异常、消化系统不适、疲劳或精力不足和睡眠困难症状分均呈正相关(r=0.13-0.52,P<0.05).多元线性回归分析显示,情感衰竭(β=0.41,95%CI:0.83-1.51)和女性(β=0.23,95%CI:0.89-2.91)为功能性躯体不适的相关因素(R2=0.22).结论:工作倦怠者的功能性躯体不适症状严重而广泛,主要表现为疲劳感、疼痛、大便异常和消化系统不适症状.功能性躯体不适症状与情感衰竭维度关系密切.%Objective: To investigate the relationship between somatic complaints and job burnout in employees. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 217 employees were selected and completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15) to assess the level of job burnout and somatic complaints. They were divided into burnout group (MBI-GJ total score ^ 1. 50) and non-burnout group according to the job burnout scores. Results: There were 121 subjects in burnout group, while 96 subjects in non-burnout group. The percentage of subjects with somatic complaint was 35. 4% in non-burnout group, while 71. 0% in burnout group. The PHQ-15 total scores, stomach pain, back pain, pain in arms/legs/ joints, chest pain, heart pound or race, shortness of breath, sexual problems, abnormal stool, digestive discomfort, feeling tired and trouble sleeping were significantly higher in burnout group than in non-burnout group (' Ps < 0. 05), but there was no significant difference on menstrual cramps, headaches, dizziness, fainting spells between the 2 groups (P >0. 05). In all three factors of job burnout, emotional exhaustion (EX) was the most important one regarding to the PHQ-15 and almost all its variables (r = 0. 13 - 0. 52, P < 0. 05), and feeling tired had a moderate correlation with it (r = 0. 52, P < 0. 01). Multiple linear regression showed that EX (β =0. 41, 95% CI: 0. 83 - 1. 51) and female gender (β =0. 23, 95%CI: 0. 89 -2. 91) were the potential risk factor of somatic complaints (R2 =0. 22). Conclusion: The findings indicate there are more somatic complaints in burnout people, mainly appears as symptoms of feeling tired, abnormal stool, digestive discomfort and pain on body. Emotional exhaustion may be a potential risk factor of somatic complaints in burnout employees.