阿斯伯格综合征儿童对人物基本面部表情的识别特点

摘要

目的:了解阿斯伯格综合征(Asperger syndrome,As)儿童对人物基本面部表情的识别能力和特征.方法:使用本研究研发的面部表情识别测试软件系统对22例符合美国精神障碍诊断和统计手册第四版(the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,4th edition,DSM-Ⅳ)AS诊断标准的门诊AS儿童和20例性别、年龄等一般情况相匹配的正常对照儿童进行测试.以不同呈现方式下的面部表情识别的正确率与反应时为分析指标.结果:AS儿童对正立面部表情、上半部面孔表情的识别正确率均低于正常对照儿童,且反应时间延迟.AS儿童对整体面部表情的识别仅优于下半面孔,而正常儿童对整体面部表情的识别率优于上半和下半面孔.AS儿童与正常儿童对正立(整体)面孔的识别均优于倒立面孔.结论:阿斯伯格综合征儿童对人物面部表情的识别能力较正常儿童差,但尚具有一定的面孔整体加工能力,与正常儿童同样具有倒置面孔效应.%Objective: To explore the ability and characteristics of facial expression recognition in children with Asperger syndrome (AS) . Methods: Twenty-two male children with AS according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-Ⅳ), and twenty normal children matched on chronological age and gender were selected. They were tested with the Facial Expression Recognition Software System developed in this research which took recognition accuracy rate and response time in different presentation manners as analysis indexes. Results: The accuracy rates of upright and the upper facial expression were significantly lower in children with AS than in normal controls [ upright: ( 60. 4 ± 12. 8 ) ％ vs. ( 73.8 ± 6. 1 ) ％ , P ＜ 0. 001; upper:( 53.3 ± 13.3 ) ％ vs. ( 62. 9 ± 8.5 ) ％ , P= 0. 009] , and the response time was delayed ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) [ upright:(3.494±0.570) svs. (2.839±0.415) s, P＜0.001; upper: (4.099±0.816) svs. (3.142±0.461) s,P ＜ 0. 001]. There were no significant recognition differences between the whole facial expression and the upper facial expression [ (60. 4 ± 12. 8 ) ％ vs. ( 53.3 ± 13.3 ) ％ , P= 0. 062] but the recognition of whole facial expression was superior than the lower facial expression [ (60. 4 ± 12.8) ％ vs. ( 52.2 ± 10. 8) ％, P =0. 032] .However, in normal group the recognition accuracy rate of the whole facial expression was obviously superior than that of the upper and the lower facial expression [ (73. 8 ± 6. 1 ) ％ vs. ( 62. 9 ± 8.5 ) ％, ( 62. 7 ± 6.5) ％ , Ps ＜0. 001] . In comparison of the upright and the inverted facial expression, the recognition of the upright were both superior than the inverted in the two groups. AS: (60.4 ± 12. 8) ％ vs. ( 51.4 ± 10. 0) ％, P= 0. 014; control: (73.8 ± 6. 1 ) ％ vs. ( 56. 3 ± 7. 4) ％ , P ＜ 0. 001] . Conclusion: The ability of facial expression recognition in children with Asperger syndrome is poorer than normal children, but have a certain holistic processing ability and have facial inversion effect as same as normal children.