Objective: To explore risk factors for cognitive impairment among elderly patients. Methods: There were 257 qualified subjects recruited, a case-control study was performed by collecting data of Mini Mental State Examination, carotid artery color Doppler flow imaging, biochemical tests, personal information on ages, medical histories, smoking as well as physical exercise among the recruited elderly in-patients/out-patients. A logistic regression was conducted to screen main effects of variables on occurrences of cognitive impairment. Results: Using logistic regression, the carotid intima-media thickness was found to be a significant risk factor (P<0.001) with larger regression coefficients (15.105 - 22.065) for the occurrence of cognitive impairment among elderly; about 71％ -78％ and 4％ decrease in risks of dementia occurrence for every 1 pg/mL serum free triiodothyronine and lkg body weight increase. Conclusion: The increase in carotid intima-media thickness is a significant risk factor for the occurrence of cognitive impairment among elderly patients. The decrease in serum free triiodothyronine and body weight are the related factors to increase risk for dementia.%目的:探讨老年患者认知功能减退的影响因素.方法:选取符合入选标准的门诊及住院老年慢性病患者257例,采集年龄、既往疾病史、吸烟史和运动史等一般资料,并进行简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、颈动脉彩色超声、血生化检测等检查.采用病例对照研究方法,以单因素和多因素logistic回归分析筛选影响认知功能减退和痴呆的危险因素. 结果:颈动脉内膜中层厚度是老年认知功能障碍的可疑危险因素(P<0.001),且回归系数极大(15.105～22.065).血清游离T3水平每升高1 pg/mL和体质量每增长1 kg,研究对象被判定为痴呆的风险平均降低71％～78％和4％,成为保护因素.结论:颈动脉内膜中层厚度的增加是认知功能减退的可疑危险因素;而血清游离T3水平和体质量下降是痴呆的危险因素.
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