基因治疗的发展及其伦理反思

摘要

CRISPR/Cas9技术自发现以来,以其低成本、高效率、短周期、操作方便等特点为基因治疗开启了新的时代.2015年黄军就首次利用该技术对人类胚胎细胞进行基因修饰,引起国内外的广泛关注.基因治疗发展的近50年来,伦理讨论从未停止.通过回顾基因治疗的发展历程,分析基因治疗中引起伦理争议的几个焦点问题,如安全有效性、公平性、权利、利益导向等,并提出基因治疗与伦理并非对立双方,不可分割看待,其发展应遵循一定的伦理规范和技术规范,并用生命伦理原则指导基因治疗.%Since CRISPR/Cas9 has been discovered,it opens a new era for gene therapy with its low cast,high efficiency,short cycle,easy operation and other characteristics.In 2015,Huang Junjiu had used the technique to nodify human embryonic cell for the first time,leading to widespread attention at home and abroad.For nearly 50 years,ethical discussion of gene therapy has never stopped.Through reviewing the development of gene therapy,this paper analyzed several key issues of ethical controversy in gene therapy,such as safety,effectiveness,justice,right,interest orientation and so on,and put forward that gene therapy and ethics are not two opposite sides and cannot be treated separately,the development of gene therapy should follow certain ethical norms and technical norms and it should use the bioethical principles to direct gene therapy.