With "how to relieve stress by nature" as the main line,this paper reflected trend of empirical research in the domain of nature and health from visual experience to interaction experience in real-world,and discussed previous studies' main problems and possible solutions from perspective of landscape design.Results indicated that:1) Visual control studies taken in virtual or window or site environment have confirmed the absolute and relative effect of nature on stress recovery.2) Compared with visual experience,the effect on stress recovery by auditory-visual experience has a significant difference.Effects are most pronounced when the auditory-visual cues of nature are consistent.3) Natural landscape and physical activity may have positive cumulative effect on mitigating stress,but the combination of nature and social interaction may be negative.Future research should use more interdisciplinary methods such as eye tracking to tease out natural elements as well as space organization on stress restoration of the local environment.%以“自然减压”为主线,通过对大量实证研究的述评反映了自然与健康领域从单一视觉体验转向多维现场体验的研究趋势,并从设计实践视角讨论了既往研究的主要问题及其解决方法.结果显示:1)限定于视觉体验的虚拟、窗景和现场对照研究,证实了自然本身的绝对效益和相对效益;2)视-听交互体验与视觉体验的减压作用具有显著差异,一致的自然视-听信息对压力恢复尤为重要;3)自然本身与体力活动具有正向累积效益,而社交因素可能不利于自然减压.未来应从本地实际出发并借助更多的跨学科方法(如眼动追踪技术),研究微观的自然要素及宏观的空间组织对压力恢复的作用.
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