晚期早产儿与足月儿神经行为发育在不同时期的比较

摘要

Objective To investigate the neurobehavioral developmental differences between late-preterm infants and full-term infants at 12 months and 18 months of age, and to compare the neurobehavioral developmental changes at these two periods.Methods In the study 75 late-preterm infants and 80 full-term infants were selected as samples to test and compare their neurobehavioral development at 12 months and 18 months of age.Results At the age of 12 months, late-preterm infants had significantly lower quotient scores in the aspects of big movement, fine motor, adaptibility, language and personal social intercourse than the full-term infants ( t value was -3.837, -5.801,-3.532, -5.258 and -4.582, respectively, all P<0.05).At the age of 18 months, late-preterm infants still had significantly lower quotient scores in the above five aspects (t value was -2.786, -3.967, -4.946, -4.155 and -3.449, respectively, all P<0.05). Late-preterm infants’ score of big movement was obviously higher and that of personal social intercourse was remarkably lower at the age of 18 months than at the age of 12 months (t value was 1.982 and -4.214, respectively, both P<0.05).For the full-term infants the scores of big movement and adaptability were significantly higher and the score of personal social intercourse was lower at the age of 18 months (t value was 2.188, 2.683 and -3.880, respectively, all P <0.05).Conclusion Late-preterm infants’ neurobehavioral developmental level is lower than the full-term infants’ both at the age of 12 months and 18 months.Both late-preterm infants and full-term infants have lower scores of personal social intercourse at 18 months of age than at 12 months of age, but the reason for it needs to be further explored.Late-preterm infant’ s neurobehavioral development is not mature enough, so it is very important to concern and promote early development of late-preterm infants.%目的：了解晚期早产儿和足月儿在生后第12个月和第18个月两个年龄段的神经行为发育差异，并比较两个年龄段的神经行为发育变化。方法以75例晚期早产儿和80例足月儿为两组样本，检测其在生后第12个月和第18个月2个年龄段的神经行为发育水平，并进行比较。结果在生后第12个月，晚期早产儿的大运动、精细运动、适应能力、语言、个人社交等5方面发育商得分均显著低于足月儿（t值分别为-3．837、-5．801、-3．532、-5．258和-4．582，均P＜0．05）；在第18个月作比较，晚期早产儿的上述5方面发育商得分均显著低于足月儿（ t值分别为-2．786、-3．967、-4．946、-4．155和-3．449，均P＜0．05）；晚期早产儿第18个月的大运动得分显著高于第12个月，而个人社交得分显著低于第12个月（ t值分别为1．982和-4．214，均P＜0．05）；足月儿第18个月的大运动、适应能力得分显著高于第12个月，而个人社交得分显著低于第12个月（ t值分别为2．188、2．683和-3．880，均P＜0．05）。结论晚期早产儿在第12个月和第18个月年龄段的神经行为发育与足月儿比较仍处于低值；晚期早产儿或足月儿其个人社交在第18个月的分值均低于第12个月，其原因有待进一步探讨。晚期早产儿神经行为发育不够成熟，关注和促进晚期早产儿早期发育非常重要。