海南与国外香荚兰质构特性及挥发性成分差异性分析

摘要

The puncture method was used to analyze the differences in the texture characteristics among Hainan (HI),Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Madagascar (MG).The electronic nose coupled with headspace solid-phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to analyze the aroma components of vanilla from HI,PNG and MG.The results indicated that the toughness of the epidermis for HI was lower than that of PNG and MG.PNG and MG were not significantly different (p＞0.05).The skin hardness for HI and MG was lower than that of PNG,HI and MG showed no significant difference (p＞0.05).Internal hardness and firmness of vanilla were shown as HI＜MG＜ PNG.A total of 74 aroma components were identified from the three kinds of vanilla pods through HS-SPME-GC-MS.45,50 and 51 of which were detected in PNG,HI and MG of vanilla pods.The main content of vanillin in HI vanilla was 69.11％,slightly lower than that of PNG (75.15％) and MG (74.36％).Low content and more aroma of the substance with guaiacol,4-methyl guaiacol and 4-methyl phenol were detected.The relative contents of HI and PNG and MG were different.In addition,8 kinds of volatile compounds were found in HI,including formic acid,2-ethylfuran,2,4,5-trimethyloxazole,2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine,1,2-dimethoxybenzene,Damascone,vanillic acid and palmitic acid.%采用穿刺法分析海南(Hainan,HI)、巴布亚新几内亚(Papua New Guinea,PNG)、马达加斯加(Madagascar,MG)香荚兰质构特性差异,利用电子鼻结合顶空固相微萃取气质联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术对HI与PNG、MG香荚兰挥发性成分进行分析比较.质构特性结果显示:表皮韧性大小关系为HI＜ PNG、MG,PNG与MG差异不显著(p＞0.05);表皮硬度表现为HI、MG＜PNG,MG与HI差异不显著(p＞0.05);内部硬度和紧实度均表现为HI＜MG＜PNG;电子鼻结果显示主成分分析(PCA)图谱上可以将HI与PNG、MG香荚兰进行区分;HS-SPME-GC-MS从三种香荚兰中共检测出74种挥发性成分,HI、PNG、MG分别检测出45、50和51种,主要呈香物质香草醛在HI中的相对含量为69.11％,相对于PNG(75.15％)和MG(74.36％)略低;检出的低含量且强烈香气物质愈创木酚、4-甲基愈创木酚、4-甲基苯酚在HI中的相对含量与PNG、MG均有所差异;此外,在HI中检出8种特有的挥发性化合物,分别是甲酸、2-乙基呋喃、2,4,5-三甲基唑、2,3,5,6-四甲基吡嗪、1,2-二甲氧基苯、大马士酮、香草酸、十六烷酸.