复合微生物肥料对香蕉枯萎病防控作用研究

摘要

采用盆栽试验,研究以枯草芽孢杆菌BLG010和淡紫拟青霉E16这2株防控香蕉枯萎病的专利菌株制备的3种复合微生物肥料(CMF1、CMF2和CMF3)对香蕉枯萎病发病率、 香蕉生长指标、 病原尖孢镰刀菌FOC和生防菌株BLG010和E16在香蕉根际定殖情况的影响.结果表明:(1)施用CMF1、CMF2和CMF3均明显降低香蕉枯萎病的发病率,分别降至60.00％,44.44％,26.67％;(2)与对照相比,CMF1、CMF2和CMF3处理能够显著提高香蕉生物量,株高、 茎围、 地下部和地上部鲜重,分别提高24.46％～44.80％,40.17％～101.43％,18.78％～47.06％,75.88％～109.11％;FOC数量下降11.57％～49.07％,BLG010和E16在根际中的定殖量分别提高27.55％和32.80％;(3)共聚焦显微镜观察发现根际中尖孢镰刀菌荧光强度减弱,体积缩小;(4)相关性分析表明,香蕉枯萎病发病率与尖孢镰刀菌FOC数量呈正相关,E16菌株数量与BLG010菌株数量呈正相关.施用复合微生物肥料不仅提高了对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果,而且促进香蕉生长和提高根际的生防菌株数量,具有较大生防潜力.%Three types of compound microbial fertilizer, CMF1, CMF2 and CMF3, were prepared from Bacillus subtilis BLG010 and Paecilomyces lilacinus E16 which could control Fusarium wilt of banana, and were used for pot culture trial to observe the effect of CMF1, CMF2 and CMF3 on disease incidence of Fusarium wilt, banana growth index, and colonization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC), B. subtilis BLG010 and P. lilacinus E16 in banana rhizosphere. The results showed that treatments CMF1, CMF and CMF3 reduced significantly the disease incidence of Fusarium wilt to 60.00％, 44.44％ and 26.67％, respectively. Compared with control, the CMF1, CMF and CMF3 treatments could promote the biomass of banana, the plant height, the stem thickness, the fresh weight of aerial and underground part of banana by 24.46％～44.80％, 40.17％～101.43％, 18.78％～47.06％ and 75.88％～109.11％, respectively, reduced the number of FOC by 11.57％～49.07％ and increased colonization of BLG010 and E16 in the rhizosphere by 27.55％and 32.80％, respectively. The confocal laser scanning microscope showed that the volume and the fluorescence intensity of FOC were reduced. The correlation analysis showed that the number of FOC was positively correlated with the disease incidence, and that the number of BLG010 was positively correlated with the number of E16. Compound microbial fertilizer could not only increase the controlling effect on Fusarium wilt of banana, but also promote the growth of banana and the number of antagonistic strains, indicating a wide application prospect.