组织工程技术修复损伤关节软骨的研究与应用

摘要

BACKGROUND:Cartilage is an avascular tissue and has a limited capacity for self-repair after injury. There are various methods for the treatment of articular cartilage injury ranging from conservation therapy to invasive surgery. With the development of tissue engineering technology, it provides a new way for treating articular cartilage injury. OBJECTIVE:To review the new development of tissue engineering technology for repairing articular cartilage injury. METHODS:The PubMed database and CNKI database were retrieved for articles from 2000 to 2013 by the first author with computer in May 2013. The key words were“cartilage tissue engineering, cartilage defect, stem cell, scaffold, growth factor”in English and Chinese. A total of 64 articles were included which related to cartilage regeneration and cartilage tissue engineering. For the articles in the same field, those published recently or in authorized journals were selected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The three elements of cartilage tissue engineering, seed cells, scaffolds and cytokines, must be coordinated and mutual y beneficial development. At present, the research of tissue engineering for repairing articular cartilage injury has made a great progress. But the application in clinic has not enforced yet which is limited in experimental exploration stage. With the continuous development of new materials, the new tissue engineering cartilage repair materials should meet the requirement of material science and biological science, thus making the materials closely meet the biological characteristics of the self tissues. The animal studies wil turn to clinical experiments with the support of new technique, which make a breakthrough in the treatment of articular cartilage injury.%背景：软骨是一种无血管的组织，软骨损伤后自身修复能力有限。当前用于治疗关节软骨损伤的方法从保守治疗到手术治疗多种多样。随着组织工程技术的发展，关节软骨的修复又进入了新的高度。目的：综述组织工程方法修复软骨损伤的新进展。方法：由第一作者在2013年5月应用计算机检索2000至2013年PubMed 数据库及CNKI 数据库，英文以“cartilage tissue engineering,cartilage defect；stem cel ,scaffold；growth factor”为关键词，中文以“软骨组织工程，软骨缺损，干细胞，支架，生长因子”为关键词，选择内容与软骨组织工程、软骨损伤修复相关的文章，同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章，共纳入64篇文献。结果与结论：软骨组织工程三大要素--种子细胞、支架和细胞因子，三者必须协调发展和互利。现阶段组织工程方法修复关节软骨损伤的研究虽已取得很大进展，但大多停留于实验探索阶段，尚未应用于临床。随着新材料的不断研发，新的组织工程软骨修复材料将兼顾材料学和生物科学的需要，使其更接近机体自身组织生物学特性。在新的技术支持下，动物实验研究也将向临床试验转变，使关节软骨损伤的治疗取得突破性进展。