BACKGROUND:Adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s are used widely in cartilage tissue engineering, and there are many similarities in biological characteristics between two kinds of cel s. OBJECTIVE:To compare the chondrogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s and adipose-derived stem cel s in vitro. METHODS:Adipose-derived stem cel s were isolated from the 3-month-old New Zealand white rabbits’ abdomen. Bilateral femurs of rabbits were obtained, and then the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were separated with the adherence screening method. The growth curve of the passage 3 adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were drawn, and the doubling time of two kinds of cel s was compared. Then the passage 3 adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were treated with chondrogenic induction. After induced for 14 days, the adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were treated with toluidine blue staining and type Ⅱ immunohistochemistry staining respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s showed aggregative growth, while the primary adipose-derived stem cel s were in single and scattered growth. The proliferation speed of adipose-derived stem cel s was faster than that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s, while the doubling time of adipose-derived stem cel s was shorter than that of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s. After chondrogenic induction for 14 days, both adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s could express glycosaminoglycans and type Ⅱcol agen, and the expression level of type Ⅱ col agen in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s after chondrogenic induction was higher than that in the adipose-derived stem cel s. The in vitro proliferation of adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s was rapid and stable, but the proliferative ability of adipose-derived stem cel s was faster than that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s. When cultured in single layer, both adipose-derived stem cel s and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s could transform into chondrocytes under certain conditions, but bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s seemed to be more potential than adipose-derived stem cel s.% 背景：脂肪干细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞是软骨组织工程中应用较多细胞，二者在生物学特性上有诸多相似之处。目的：比较脂肪来源和骨髓来源的2种间充质干细胞的成软骨分化能力。方法：选取3月龄新西兰大白兔，取腹部脂肪，分离提取脂肪干细胞。取兔双侧股骨，采用贴壁筛选法分离提取骨髓间充质干细胞。绘制第3代脂肪干细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞的生长曲线，比较2种细胞的倍增时间。对第3代脂肪干细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞进行成软骨诱导，分别对诱导14 d的2种细胞行甲苯胺蓝染色和Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色。结果与结论：骨髓间充质干细胞原代细胞呈聚集样生长，而脂肪干细胞原代细胞呈单个、散在生长。脂肪干细胞增殖速度要快于骨髓间充质干细胞，倍增时间短于骨髓间充质干细胞h。2种细胞成软骨诱导14 d后，均表达糖胺聚糖和Ⅱ型胶原，且骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨诱导后表达Ⅱ型胶原水平高于脂肪干细胞。说明脂肪干细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞体外增殖皆迅速且稳定，但是脂肪干细胞的生长增殖速度更快。单层培养时，特定条件下，脂肪干细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞均能向软骨细胞转化，但是骨髓间充质干细胞比脂肪干细胞具有更高的潜能。
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