背景:3D打印技术自20世纪末出现以来逐渐应用在医学领域已成为一种趋势.近年来3D打印技术被广泛用于骨组织工程支架材料的成型,并取得了一些令人惊喜的成果.目的:文章从骨组织工程支架基本概念、3D 打印的基本原理和流程、3D 打印应用于构造支架的要求以及不同的粉末材料等方面进行阐述,分析其优势与目前存在的局限性,并对未来3D打印在骨组织工程支架中的应用进行展望.方法:第一作者应用计算机检索1990年1月至2015年2月MEDLINE数据库、Science Direct全文数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、维普中文期刊网等有关3D打印技术在构建骨组织工程支架中应用的文章,检索词"3D打印,组织工程学,快速成型技术,支架,材料",排除重复性研究.文章共检索到 52 篇相关文献,其中33篇文献符合纳入标准.结果与结论:3D 打印技术具有高精度、构建速度快、可按需制造实现个性化定制等优势.3D 打印应用于骨组织工程支架构建时,所用的粉末或黏合剂需具备一定的条件,如流动性、稳定性与可湿性等.用于打印的粉末材料可分为人工合成多聚体、天然高分子聚合物、生物陶瓷及它们的混合物.不同粉末材料的粉末各自优缺点不同,且最终成型效果也不尽相同.3D打印技术也存在一些包括费用昂贵、不易大规模生产等方面的局限性.但尽管如此,3D打印的临床应用前景一片光明.%BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional printing technique has been applied in medical fields since it was invented in the end of 20th century. Recently it has been widely used in manufacturing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To review the basic concept of the scaffold for bone tissue engineering, the basic requirements for three-dimensional printing technique in scaffold engineering, different materials used in bone tissue engineering, the advantages and limitations of three-dimensional printing technique and the outlook of three-dimensional printing technique applied in manufacturing scaffold for bone tissue engineering. METHODS: The first author did a computer-aided retrieval of the MEDLINE database, Science Direct database, CNKI database, and CQVIP database for articles relevant to three-dimensional printing technique used in manufacturing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering published between January 1990 and February 2015. The key words were "three-dimensional printing, tissue engineering, rapid prototyping technology, scaffold, materials" in English and Chinese, respectively. Repetitive studies were excluded, and 33 of 52 related literatures were adopted in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional printing technique has many advantages such as high resolution, high velocity and the freedom to build unlimited geometries. There are some requirements for the powder and binder used to construct bone tissue engineering scaffolds using the three-dimensional printing technique, such as the flowability, stability and wettability. A wide range of materials can be used: synthetic and natural polymers, ceramics, as wel as composites of the aforementioned. Various kinds of powder take responsibility of different features of scaffolds, resulting from the advantages and disadvantages of different materials. Although this technique has some limitations such as high cost and the difficulty of commercial production, its application stil has a bright future.
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