有氧运动和抗阻运动对大鼠棕色脂肪组织形态及活性的影响

摘要

Objective To compare the effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on brown adipose tissues in rats.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control(C)group,an aerobic exercise (T) group and a resistance exercise(L)group.The rats of group T performed treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 8 weeks,while those of group L climbed vertical ladders with progressively increased weights once in 3 days for 8 weeks.All rats were weighed before and after the intervention.Then the bilateral interscapular brown adipose tissue was isolated and weighed at 48h after the last exercise.The hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphology of adipocytes,and the quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the mRNA and protein expression of browning genes [PR-domain-containing 16 (PRDM 16),PPAR gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1 α) and uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)] respectively.Results After the intervention,the increment of weight of group T and group L were only 52％ and 70％ of group C(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).The weight of BAT in both group T and L was lower than group C,but without significance(P＞0.05).The average size of lipid droplets in group T decreased significantly(P＜0.01) and slightly in group L(P＞0.05) compared with group C.The PRDM16,PGC-1α and UCP1 mRNA expression of group T was 1.78(P＜0.01),2.2(P＜ 0.01) and 1.3(P＞0.05) times of group C,while that of group L was 1.30(P＞0.05),1.25(P＞0.05) and 1.21(P＞0.05) times of group C.The PRDM16,PGC-1α and UCP1 protein level in group T was 1.46-fold(P＜0.05),1.56-fold(P＞0.05)and 1.20-fold(P＞0.05),while that of group L was 1.08-fold(P＞0.05),0.94-fold(P＞0.05) and 1.20-fold(P＞0.05) of group C.Conclusion Eight weeks of aerobic exercise can significantly make the lipid droplets of adipocyte smaller,increase the differentiation and metabolic activity of BAT,and weakly stimulate BAT thermogenesis.However,8 weeks of resistance exercise has no significant effect on BAT.%目的:比较有氧运动和抗阻运动对大鼠棕色脂肪组织的影响.方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,分别为安静对照组(C组)、有氧训练组(T组)和抗阻训练组(L组).有氧训练方式为跑台训练,每周训练5天,共训练8周;抗阻训练方式为递增负荷爬梯训练,每3天进行1次,共训练8周.训练前和训练后对大鼠进行称重,最后一次训练结束48 h后,取大鼠的肩胛间棕色脂肪组织称重,并进行HE染色观察脂肪组织的组织形态,荧光定量PCR检测棕色脂肪相关基因PR结构域家族第16个成员(PRDM16)、过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体γ辅激活因子-1α(PGC-1α)以及解偶联蛋白1(UCP1)的mRNA水平,并用Westernblot检测其相应的蛋白水平.结果:8周训练后T组大鼠体重增量比C组降低48％(P＜0.01),L组比C组降低30％ (P＜0.05).棕色脂肪组织重量T组和L组均比C组降低,但无显著性差异;T组棕色脂肪组织的脂滴面积与C组相比显著减小(P＜0.01);L组脂滴面积也略有减小(P＞0.05).T组的PRDM16、PGC-1α、UCP1的mRNA表达量分别是C组的1.78倍(P＜0.01)、2.24倍(P＜0.01)、1.33倍(P＞0.05),L组的上述基因mRNA表达量分别是C组的1.30倍(P＞0.05)、1.25倍(P＞0.05)、1.21倍(P＞0.05);T组和L组PRDM 16蛋白的表达分别是对照组的1.46倍(P＜0.05)和1.08倍(P＞0.05),PGC-1α蛋白的表达量分别是对照组的1.56倍(P＜0.05)和0.94倍(P＞0.05),UCP1蛋白的表达量分别是C组的1.20倍(P＞0.05)和1.20倍(P＞0.05).结论:8周的有氧运动可以使棕色脂肪细胞的脂滴变小,并能显著促进其分化以及代谢活性,对其产热活性有轻微的促进作用;8周抗阻运动对棕色脂肪组织无显著影响.