不同时间尿液测定法评估盐摄入量的应用与评价

摘要

Salt reduction is the most cost?effective population strategy to prevent and control hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Accurate measurement of salt intake is an important basis for implementing salt reduction interventions, while the urine sodium measurement is the most objective method to evaluate salt intake. According to different time spans, it is mainly divided into 24?h urine, overnight urine and spot urine collection methods. This article reviewed the application and evaluation of these three urine measurement methods, and compared their advantages and disadvantages. According to the accuracy and feasibility of different urine measurement methods, it is suggested that the 24?h urine collection method can be applied to the correlation study with small sample size, and the overnight urine method and the spot urine method can be applied to the daily population salt reduction interventions and monitoring activities.%减盐是防控高血压及心血管病最具成本效果的人群策略,准确测量盐摄入量是实施人群减盐干预的重要基础,而尿钠测定是评价盐摄入量最客观的方法.根据收集尿液时间跨度的不同,主要有24 h尿、夜间尿及时点尿三种测算方法.本文主要综述了这三种不同时间尿样测算方法的应用与评价,并比较它们的优缺点.根据不同尿样测算方法的准确性与可行性不同,建议24 h尿样测算方法可应用于样本量较小的相关性研究,而在日常人群减盐干预与监测活动中可应用夜间尿与时点尿样测算方法.