目的：了解普通护士及优秀护士的人格特征，提取优秀护士特异性人格指标，建立护士人格测评问卷及岗位模型，同时探讨护士人格特征的影响因素，为下一步进行新进护士的选拔和培训提供理论参考。方法采用卡特尔16种人格因素测评量表，对523名护理人员进行调查。结果优秀护士与普通护士在恃强性、规范性、敢为性、世故性、忧虑性、自律性6种人格因素及适应与焦虑、内向与外向、心理健康因素、专业有成就感4种次级人格因素差异有统计学意义（t=-2.54～2.92，均P＜0.05），提取6种人格因素建立护士人格测评问卷，同时建立护士16 PF岗位人格特质模型；不同年龄、工作年限、职称、职务优秀护士的自律性差异有统计学意义（F=4.04～7.36，均P＜0.05）。结论卡特尔16种人格因素测评适合进行护士人格特征测评，建立的护士人格测评问卷及岗位模型可以作为新进护士选拔的参照标准。%Objective To understand the personality characteristics of excellent and generalnurses, extract personality characteristics from excellent nurses, and to establish Personality Characteristics Questionnaire and post personality model of nurses, and explore influencing factors of nurses personality characteristicsfor providing a theoretical reference in selection and training of nurses. Methods A total of 523 staff nurses from one class 3-A hospital general hospitalsin Shandong province were investigated with Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire(16PF). Results Excellent nurses possessed higher dominance, rule-consciousness, social boldness, shrewdness, perfectionism and lower apprehension than general nurses (t=-2.54-2.92, P<0.05), then six personality characteristics were extracted from excellent nurses to establish Personality Characteristics Questionnaire and post personality model of nurses; The difference was statistically significant in perfectionism with different age, work experience, and professional title in excellent of nurses (F=4.04-7.36, P < 0.05). Conclusions 16PF is suitable for evaluating personality characteristics of nurses, the personality characteristics questionnaire and post personality model can be used as selection criteria for new nurses.
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