中国第22和24次南极考察中山站越冬队员膳食调查

摘要

在南极中山站特殊环境下，膳食营养对人体的保护尤显重要。通过在中山站对第22和24次中国南极越冬队分别开展三次连续动态膳食调查，获取越冬队员的主要膳食模式，有针对性地提出改善膳食模式的建议，以保障越冬队员的健康。分别在2006年、2008年采用连续3—4天／次称重法对第22、24次中山站越冬队员进行三次膳食调查，计算平均每人每日能量及各种营养素摄入量，与《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量（Chinese DRIs）》进行对比分析、评价队员膳食营养状况。越冬队员平均能量摄入充足，符合中至重等体力劳动所需摄入量（2700—3200 kcal）。获得的17种营养素中，钙、维生素A、维生素C、微量元素硒的摄入量低于中国DRIs 标准，钠摄入偏高，其余基本符合标准。烹调用油、食盐的摄入量超过中国营养学会建议的摄入量。脂肪、蛋白质提供的能量比（三大营养物质所提供的能量各占百分比）分别高于中国营养学会推荐的20％—30％、12％—14％，碳水化合物低于推荐的55％—65％。中山站越冬队员呈现高脂肪、高蛋白、低碳水化合物，烹调用油、食盐的摄入量过高，钠摄入偏高，以及维生素A、C和钙、硒摄入量过低的膳食结构。应调整脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物的摄入比例，调整烹调用油、钠盐的摄入量，补充维生素A、C和钙、硒。%Aim:For expeditioners in the extreme environment of Antarctica,diet and nutrition are particularly important. Through investigation of the diet of Chinese winter-over expeditioners at Zhongshan Station,we can provide advice and guidance to improve dietary quality and to promote health.Methods:The 3- to 4-day food intake of 22nd (2006)and 24th (2008)Chinese winter-over expeditioners was investigated using weighing methods.The average daily intake of food and nutrients was calculated.Dietary status was evaluated according to Chinese Dietary Refer-ence Intakes.Results:The average energy intake was in the range for people engaged in moderate or heavy physi-cal labor (2 700—3 200 kcal).Among the 1 7 nutrients tested,the intakes of calcium,vitamin A,vitamin C,and selenium were below the recommended daily intake,while the intake of sodium exceeded the recommended daily intake.The intake of oil and salt was excessive.The energy supplied by fat and protein exceeded the recommended 20%—30% and 1 2%—1 4%of total daily kilocalories,respectively,while the ratio supplied by carbohydrates was less than recommended.Conclusions:The diet of winter-over expeditioners was high in fat,high in protein,and low in carbohydrates.There was an excessive intake of oil and dietary sodium,and an insufficient intake of calci-um,vitamin A,vitamin C,and selenium.The diet should be adjusted by balancing the proportions of the three major nutrients,reducing the intake of oil and dietary sodium,and supplementing of vitamins,calcium,and sele-nium.