目的 调查我国2007年至2011年≤18岁住院患儿中慢性肾衰竭病例的肾脏替代治疗情况及转归.方法 制定统一的儿童慢性肾衰竭肾脏替代治疗现状调研表,分发至28家参研医院进行回顾性病例登记,进行相关资料统一汇总、分析.结果 2007年1月1日至2011年12月31日28间医院住院患儿确诊慢性肾衰竭1033例,474例患儿接受肾脏替代治疗,占45.9％.380例慢性肾衰竭患儿接受血液透析治疗,133例次出现急性并发症,占35.0％；119例次出现慢性并发症,占31.3％.177例患儿接受腹膜透析治疗,79例次出现并发症,占51.0％.47例患儿接受肾移植治疗,9例出现排斥反应.结论 我国儿童慢性肾衰竭肾脏替代治疗水平有较大提高,但发展不平衡.维持性透析仍以血液透析为主,腹膜透析发展较为滞后.儿童肾移植治疗仍在起步阶段.%Objective To investigate the renal replacement therapy and outcome of chronic renal failure (CRF) in childhood,a nation-wide survey was conducted and data of hospitalized children (younger than 18 years old) with CRF during the period of 2007 to 2011 were analyzed.Method Questionnaires of renal replacement therapy of patients with CRF in childhood were designed and distributed to 28 hospitals in China.The data were collected and analyzed.Result There were 1033 hospitalized children with CRF from January 1,2007 to December 31,2011 in 28 hospitals.There were 474 patients (45.9％) received renal replacement therapy.Hemodialyses were given to 380 patients; 133 patients (35.0％) got acute complications with hemodialysis and 119 patients (31.3％) got chronic complications.Peritoneal dialysis were given to 177 patients and 79 patients got complications.Forty patients received renal transplantation and 9 patients got rejections.Conclusion Renal replacement therapy in CRF in childhood has been improved but there is imbalance in China.Hemodialysis is the common way in maintenance dialysis and peritoneal dialysis is still underdeveloped.Renal transplantation in children is in the early stages.
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