脊柱截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂畸形的安全性和近期疗效

摘要

目的 评估脊柱截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂畸形的安全性与近期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2008年5月至2011年5月间采用脊柱截骨手术治疗31例先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂患者的病历资料,29例获得随访.男11例,女18例；年龄6～26岁,平均13岁.其中合并脊髓栓系综合征7例.术前冠状位Cobb角25°～120°,平均66.5°±21.5°；冠状位顶椎偏距0～100 mm,平均(52.1±21.3)mm；冠状位躯干偏距0～40 mm,平均(12.2±13.2) mm.采用半椎体切除7例、经椎弓根截骨16例、全椎体切除6例.结果 随访8～24个月,平均18个月.术后即刻冠状位Cobb角15°～40°,平均24.4°±18.6°,平均矫正率63.3％.术后即刻冠状位顶椎偏距0～50 mm,平均(21.1±19.2) mm,平均矫正率59.5％.术后即刻冠状位躯干偏移0～28 mm,平均(5.5±10.5) mm,平均矫正率55.0％.手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义.合并脊髓栓系综合征的7例患者中3例下肢肌力恢复1～2级,1例小便控制得到改善.所有患者术后均未出现永久性神经功能恶化现象.随访期间4例患者各发生1枚螺钉断裂,均为应力集中部位.结论 先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂畸形,骨性纵裂近端脊柱截骨矫形可获满意疗效,对部分有脊髓栓系神经症状者有促进神经功能恢复的作用.%Objective To retrospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of osteotomy for progressive congenital scoliosis combined with split spinal cord malformation (SSCM).Methods Data of 31 patients,who had undergone osteotomy for progressive congenital scoliosis combined with SSCM from May 2008 to May 2011 in our hospital,were retrospectively analyzed.Twenty-nine patients were followed up successfully,including 11 males and 18 females,aged from 6 to 26 years (average,13 years).Seven patients had tethered cord syndrome (TCS) with progressive neurologic deterioration.Hemivertebrae resection was performed in 7 patients,pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in 16,and vertebral column resection (VCR) in 6; posterior fusion surgery was performed in all patients after the correction was obtained.Results Twenty-nine patients were followed up for 8 to 24 months (average,18 months).The coronal Cobb angle ranged from 15° to 40°(average,24.4°±18.6°) immediately after operation,with an average correction rate of 63.3％.The coronal apical vertebral translation ranged from 0 to 50 mm (average,21.1±19.2 mm) immediately after operation,with an average correction rate of 59.5％.The coronal thoracic trunk shift ranged from 0 to 28 mm (average,5.5±10.5 mm) immediately after operation,with an average correction rate of 55.0％.There were significant differences between pre-and post-operative coronal Cobb angle,coronal apical vertebral translation and coronal thoracic trunk shift.There was no permanent neurological deterioration in all patients.Pedicle screw break occurred in 4 patients,without permanent neurological compromise.Among 7 patients with TCS,muscle strength was improved in 3 patients,and urination control was improved in 1 patient.Conclusion The osteotomy for congenital scoliosis combined with SSCM is a satisfactory method,which can effectively improve the spinal deformity without significant complications.For patients with TCS,this method also can improve the restoration of neurosurgical function.However,additional large multicenter studies are necessary to further assess the safety and efficacy.