基于核磁共振法的花生品种含油量遗传变异分析

摘要

建立准确快速而且不破坏种子的含油量检测方法,对花生品质育种至关重要.本研究利用非破坏性的核磁共振法与索氏提取法对60份黄淮及长江地区主推品种的含油量进行了测定,结果表明两种方法测定结果差异不显著.利用核磁共振法对4个生态环境下种植的60份花生品种进行了种子含油量鉴定,发现含油量在不同环境中表现出极显著差异,其中石家庄种植材料的含油量最高,周口种植材料的含油量最低.综合分析4个环境的鉴定结果,中花16、中花15和冀花11号等3个品种在4个环境中含油量均高于55％.利用195对多态性SSR引物对60份材料进行遗传多样性分析,基因多样性指数和多态信息含量指数(PIC)的平均值分别为0.393和0.349,60份花生品种之间的遗传距离为0.049～0.731,平均为0.388,遗传距离大于0.5的材料所占比重为23.95％.SSR标记与含油量相关性分析结果显示,有11个SSR引物与含油量极显著相关,其中,7个标记位点包括AGGS1280-288、AGGS1442-201、AHGS0288-182、AHGS1578-266、AHGS1891-276、AHGS2036-200和GM1940-122与高含油量相关,这些相关标记和标记位点为花生含油量QTL分析奠定了基础.%To increase oil content is the main objective of peanut quality breeding in China,and finding high oil germplasm is the basis for high oil content breeding.It is essential to accurately and rapidly detect oil content in peanut seed without causing damage.In this study,the noninvasive method-nuclear magnetic resonance and national standard method-Soxhlet extraction were both used to detect oil content of peanut seed.Results showed no significant difference between the two methods,indicating nuclear magnetic resonance method was reliable.A total of 60 peanut cultivars were evaluated for oil content in 4 different areas (Wuhan,Zhoukou,Puyang and Shijiazhuang) using nuclear magnetic resonance method.These results showed significant differences in different environments for oil content.The mean oil content in 60 cultivars was the highest in Shijiazhuang,followed by Wuhan,Puyang and Zhoukou.The cultivars Zhonghua 16,Zhonghua 15 and Jihua 11 had consistent high oil content (＞55％) in all 4 environments.The genetic diversity in 60 cultivars was assessed by using 195 SSR markers.The mean value of gene diversity and polymorphic information content were 0.393 and 0.349 respectively.The genetic distance ranged from 0.049 to 0.731 with a mean of 0.388,23.95％ of which was greater than 0.5.The analysis of correlation between SSR markers and oil content showed that 11 SSR markers were highly significantly associated with oil content,and 7 marker loci associated with high oil content,including AGGS1280-288,AGGS1442-201,AHGS0288-182,AHGS1578-266,AHGS1891-276,AHGS2036-200 and GM1940-122.These related marker loci accelerated the progress of marker-assisted selection in future breeding.