采用化学镀方法在5052铝合金表面制备一层非晶态Ni-P镀层，用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等对 Ni-P 镀层形貌、化学成分和物相进行分析和表征。通过磨损试验测试其摩擦因数和磨损性能，并对其磨损机理进行分析。结果表明：化学镀非晶态Ni-P镀层由直径为10~50µm原子团簇组成，能够完全覆盖基体，镀层表面显微硬度为370.5HV；镀层与基体结合较好，其厚度为20µm左右；Ni-P镀层主要由Ni和P组成，其中Ni原子结合能为853.34 eV，P原子结合能为133.02 eV；镀层摩擦因数为0.4556，磨损质量损失减少83.5%，其磨损形式为磨粒磨损；镀层摩擦区边缘发生裂纹萌生和扩展，产生脆性剥落，镀层未被磨穿，Ni-P镀层的抗磨损性能较好。%Amorphous Ni-P coating was prepared on the surface of 5052 aluminum alloy by electroless plating, the morphologies, compositions and phases of the coating were analyzed and characterized with SEM, EDS and XRD, respectively. The friction coefficients and wear performances of Ni-P coating and 5052 aluminum alloy were investigated with wear test, the wear resistance mechanism of Ni-P coating was discussed. The results show that Ni-P coating by chemical plating is composed of atom clusters with the diameter of 10−50μm, which can cover the substrate completely;the surface micro-hardness is 370.5HV. Ni-P coating is well bonded with the substrate, and the coating thickness is about 20μm. Ni-P coating is composed of Ni and P atoms, in which the bonding energy of Ni atom is 853.34 eV, while that of P atom is 133.02 eV. The friction coefficient of Ni-P coating is 0.4556, the wear mass loss decreases by 83.5% compared with that of the substrate, and the wear mechanism is abrasive wear. The micro-crack initiation and propagation are produced and peeled at the wear edge, and the coating is not worn out, showing good wear performances.
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