操纵和测量单个量子态——2012年诺贝尔物理学奖简介

摘要

同为68岁的法国科学家塞尔日·阿罗什(Serge Haroche)与美国科学家大卫·维因兰德(David J.Wineland)分享了2012年诺贝尔物理学奖.他们的突破性研究,让原本神秘的量子世界不再“与世隔绝”.在量子世界中,粒子行为不遵从经典物理学规律,人类对量子的观测更是难上加难.通过巧妙的实验方法,阿罗什和维因兰德的研究小组成功地实现对单个量子态的测量和控制,颠覆了之前人们认为的其无法被直接观测的看法.%The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 was awarded jointly to Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland "for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems". Haroche and Wineland opened the door to a new era of experimentation with quantum physics by demonstrating the direct observation of individual quantum systems without destroying them. For single particles of light or matter, the laws of classical physics cease to apply and quantum physics takes over. Thus many seemingly bizarre phenomena predicted by quantum mechanics could not be directly observed. They independently invented and developed ground-breaking methods for measuring and manipulating individual particles while preserving their quantum-mechanical nature, in ways that were previously thought unattainable.