Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. In 2002, National Kidney Foundation (NKF)’s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) published a guideline, which introduced a definition and classification system for CKD. This guideline plays an important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis improvement for CKD. However, lots of evidence from clinical and epidemiological trials caused plenty of debates and controversies towards the applicability of present K/DOQI-CKD definition and classification system. These problems included high prevalence of CKD, disproportionately high prevalence in CKD stage 3, and high prevalence of CKD in the elderly. What’s more, whether patients with simple renal cyst should be diagnosed as CKD or not have not reached a consensus yet. So Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) published another guideline in 2012. The new one revised the definition of CKD, established a combined staging system concerning causes, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria, made a risk stratified model to estimate prognosis, and recommended the application of CKD-EPI to estimate GFR.%慢性肾脏病（CKD）是全球性公共卫生问题，自2002年美国国家肾脏基金会（NKF）所属“肾脏病预后质量倡议”（K/DOQI）工作组提出了CKD的定义和分期标准以来，该指南对提高全球CKD患者的诊断、治疗水平及改善预后发挥了重大作用。但是，大量根据K/DOQI-CKD诊断标准进行的临床和流行病学研究证据使人们对于CKD患病率过高、CKD3期比例过高、老年人患病率过高以及肾脏单纯结构异常是否应诊断CKD等诸多问题产生了困惑，继而引发了关于现行定义和分期系统适宜性的争议。对此，国际肾脏病组织“改善全球肾脏病预后组织”（KDIGO）于2012年颁布新指南，调整了CKD的定义，建立了考虑病因、肾小球滤过率（GFR）和尿白蛋白水平的CKD联合分期系统（CGA系统），制定了危险分层模型以判断预后，推荐应用CKD-EPI公式估算GFR水平等。
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