高血压患者家庭自测血压行为意图及影响因素分析

摘要

Objective To explore the behavior intention of home blood pressure monitoring in hypertension patients, analyze the influence factors and provide the emphasis of health education and reference for formulating individual intervention. Methods A total of 156 hypertension patients from February 2016 to August 2016 in the outpatient department of Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing were surveyed using self-designed behavior intention of home blood pressure monitoring and influence factors questionnaire. One-way ANOVA and multiple stepwise regression analysis were performed to analyze the factors affecting behavior intention of home blood pressure monitoring in hypertension patients. Results The average score of home blood pressure monitoring intention in hypertension outpatients was (3.9±1.1). The scores of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control were (111.7±8.0), (62.5±6.9) and (84.9±23.1). There were significant differences in the behavior intention score of patients with different educational levels (F=5.377,P=0.005). The factors affecting the behavior intention of home blood pressure monitoring in hypertension patients were attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control (β=0.682,0.114, 0.070;P<0.01). Influence factors of home blood pressure monitoring intention explained 58.1% of the variance (R2=0.581).Conclusions Patients′behavior intention of home blood pressure monitoring is positive. Perceived behavior control, subjective norm and attitude affect the behavior intention of home blood pressure monitoring in hypertension patients. The nursing intervention should focus on improving patients′execute ability, providing positive evaluation on the behavior of home blood pressure monitoring and increasing patients′knowledge of home blood pressure monitoring.%目的：基于计划行为理论,探讨高血压患者家庭自测血压行为意图及影响因素,为明确健康教育重点,制定有针对性的干预策略提供依据。方法采用便利抽样的方法选取2016年2—8月就诊于重庆市涪陵中心医院心内科门诊的156例高血压患者作为研究对象,采用自行设计的家庭自测血压行为意图影响因素问卷进行调查,采用单因素分析及多元逐步回归分析对高血压患者家庭自测血压的影响因素进行分析。结果156例高血压患者自测血压行为意图影响因素问卷条目均分为(3.9±1.1)分,行为态度、主观规范、自觉控制维度得分分别为(111.7±8.0),(62.5±6.9),(84.9±23.1)分。单因素分析结果显示,不同受教育程度患者的自测血压行为意图差异有统计学意义(F=5.377,P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示自觉行为控制、主观规范、行为态度影响患者家庭自测血压行为意图(β值分别为0.682,0．114,0.070,P<0.01),且能够解释行为意图总变异的58.1%(R2=0.581)。结论患者家庭自测血压行为意图较积极,自觉行为控制、主观规范、行为态度影响患者家庭自测血压行为意图。提示在护理工作中,提高患者执行能力,重视患者周围人群对其自测血压行为的鼓励和评价以及提高患者对自测血压的认识。