Acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by a variety of causes resulting in rapid decline in renal function and manifestingclinical syndrome, whether mild or severe kidney damage it caused, the permanent loss of renal function will exist; the mortality of patients with septic AKI is as high as over 70%. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) can significantly improve the clinical prognosis of patients with AKI and reduce its mortality. However, the selections of RRT treatment mode, dose and timing of start or stop exist a lot of controversies. In this report, as using RRT to treat critically ill patients with AKI is still a hot topic in academic research, the related literatures of RRT guidelines, score evaluation, renal function indexes and biological marker aspects were reviewed and summarized.%急性肾损伤(AKI)是指由多种原因引起的肾功能快速下降而出现的临床综合征,无论是其导致的轻微肾损伤还是严重肾损伤,均可造成肾功能永久性的完全丧失,脓毒症AKI患者的病死率更是高达70%以上.肾脏替代治疗(RRT)可以显著改善AKI患者的临床预后情况、降低病死率.但对RRT的模式、剂量、开始及停止时机的把握仍然存在较大争议,现就指南、评分、肾功能指标、生物学标志物方面对有关文献进行综述.
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