艾灸对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠行为学及海马超微结构的影响

摘要

目的 观察艾灸对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)大鼠学习记忆能力及海马CA1区神经细胞超微结构的影响,探讨其治疗AD的作用机制.方法 40只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、艾灸组及假手术组.模型组及艾灸组大鼠采用双侧海马立体定向注射聚集态β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)25-35制作AD模型,假手术组大鼠双侧海马区注射等量生理盐水.造模成功后,艾灸组大鼠于"肾俞""足三里"与"百会"穴位上方2~3 cm处施予温和灸治疗.正常组大鼠不做任何处理.Morris水迷宫实验检测大鼠学习记忆能力,透射电镜观察大鼠海马CA1区神经细胞超微结构.结果 模型组大鼠5 d逃避潜伏期、后3 d逃避潜伏期均明显延长,跨越原平台位置次数均明显减少;大鼠海马CA1区神经元体积缩小,形态不规则,线粒体肿胀,基质清淡、有空泡,数目减少,可见线粒体嵴呈畸形样改变,内质网扩张,脂褐素沉积增多.经艾灸治疗后,艾灸组大鼠5 d逃避潜伏期和后3 d逃避潜伏期均明显缩短,跨越原平台位置次数均明显增多;大鼠海马CA1区神经细胞水肿明显减轻,内质网扩张明显改善,线粒体肿胀明显减轻.结论 艾灸治疗可促进脑内神经细胞的修复,从而改善Aβ所致大鼠学习记忆障碍.%Objective To observe the effects of moxibustion on learning and memory ability and nerve cell ultrastructure in CA1 region of hippocampus of rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD);To discuss its mechanism of action to AD.Methods A total of 40 male SD mice was randomly divided into normal group, model group, moxibustion group and sham-operation group. Stereotactic injection agglutinated Aβ25-35 into bilateral hippocampus of rats in model group and moxibustion group to prepare AD models. Rats in moxibustion group were treated by moxibustion at the points which were located above 2-3 cm away from "Shenshu", "Zusanli" and "Baihui". Rats in normal group received no treatment. The learning and memory ability was detected by Morris water maze test. Morphological changes of rat nerve cell ultra structure in hippocampal CA1 region were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results In model group, the average escape latency of five days and the last three days was significantly lengthened, and the times across the platform position significantly decreased. Transmission electron microscope indicated nerve cell structures were damaged and displayed unclearly;mitochondrion swelled, even mitochondrial crista was abnormal and deformed, endoplasmic reticulum of inter organelle expanded and the deposition of lipofuscin increased. After the treatment by moxibustion, the average escape latency of five days and the last three days was shortened obviously, and the times across the platform position significantly increased. In moxibustion group, the edema of nerve cells significantly decreased;dilation of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria swelling significantly improved;golgi bodies, mitochondria and ribosomes obviously increased in comparison with the model group. Conclusion Moxibustion can improve the learning and memory impairment caused by Aβ by promoting repairing of nerve cells in brain.