目的 比较慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(慢乙肝)慢加急性肝衰竭(CHB-ACLF)患者中拉米夫定与恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗的短期病死率.方法 收集2010年8月至2016年8月在复旦大学附属华山医院感染科住院,使用拉米夫定或恩替卡韦抗乙肝病毒治疗,且出院诊断为CHB-ACLF患者的临床资料.结果 共有56例患者纳入研究,拉米夫定组36例,恩替卡韦组20例.拉米夫定组患者7、14和28 d生存率分别为94％、72％和64％,恩替卡韦组患者分别为70％、65％和65％.拉米夫定组7 d病死率低于恩替卡韦组,差异有统计学意义.两组14 d和28 d的病死率差异无统计学意义.亚组分析,终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分≤30分和ACLF 0-1级患者两组28 d生存率差异无统计学意义.有肝硬化基础的患者,拉米夫定组7 d的病死率低于恩替卡韦组,差异有统计学意义,但是两组14 d和28 d的病死率差异无统计学意义.结论 CHB-ACLF患者使用拉米夫定治疗的第1周生存率高于恩替卡韦,但短期(28 d内)生存率与恩替卡韦相似,有肝硬化基础或有肝移植意愿的患者也可考虑拉米夫定治疗.%Objective To compare the short-term mortality of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B following lamivudine versus entecavir antiviral treatment. Methods All chronic hepatitis B patients associated with ACLF were included in this analysis if they were treated with lamivudine or entecavirat the Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, from August 2010 to August 2016. Results A total of 56 patients were included (36 in lamivudine group and 20 in entecavir group). The 7-day, 14-day and 28-day survival rate was 94％, 72％ and 64％ in lamivudine group, and 70％, 65％ and 65％ in entecavir group. Lamivudine group showed significantly lower 7-day mortality than entecavir group, but no significant difference in 14-day and 28-day mortality. Subgroup analysis did not show significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups either in model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)≤30 patients or in ACLF grade 0-1 patients. Lamivudine treatment was associated with significantly lower 7-day mortality than entecavir in cirrhosis patients, but no significant difference in 14-day and 28-day mortality. Conclusions Lamivudine treatment is associated with significantly higher 7-day survival rate than entecavir. However, the short-term (within 28 days) mortality of acute on chronic liver failure in chronic hepatitis B patients is similar between lamivudine and entecavir treatment. Lamivudine is also appropriate for the patients with cirrhosis or waiting for liver transplantation.
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