家庭社会经济地位对4～6年级儿童健康知识行为的影响研究

摘要

Objective To analyze the difference of health knowledge and behavior among elementary school chil-dren lived in different socioeconomic status (SES)family in child rearing process.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling was used based on sampling flame in eight provinces by the geographical and economic development distributions in mainland China.A total of 8904 grade 4 -6 students were extracted as research subjects to analyze the difference of the health knowledge,behavior and daily status such as daily physical activities,homework,watching TV and catching up sleep on weekends in different SES families.Results In 8904 families,the proportion of high,middle and low families (the score of SES)were 33.3% (62.20 ±7.29),33.9% (46.76 ±2.74)and 32.8% (39.26 ±2.37).The average score of children’s health knowledge was (6.83 ±4.48).While the students numbers and proportion of excellent,good, bad were 48 (0.54%),1480 (16.62%),7376 (82.84%).The average score of children’s behavior was (3.43 ± 1.02),and the students numbers and proportions of excellent,good,bad were 4311 (48.42%),3496 (39.26%), 1097 (12.32%).The excellence rates about health knowledge of children in low,middle and high SES family by green scores were 0.36% (11 /3034),0.59% (17 /2905)and 0.67% (20 /2284)respectively,and outstanding rates about health behaviors were 14.83% (450 /3034),12.70% (369 /2905)and 9.38% (278 /2965).There were significantly statistical difference in the SES-family-level about the proportions of pupils excellence in health knowledge and behaviors (χ2=121.75,58.78,and also both P <0.01).Compared to the pupils in low or middle level SES families,the times that pupils in high SES level families spent in doing homework,watching TV,sports were the lest while the proportions of no-catching-up-sleep in weekend was the highest.Conclusion There were difference in the rates of health knowledge and be-havior among the 4 -6 grade students with different SES families and potential health injustice was existed in these children.%目的：分析家庭社会经济地位（SES）在儿童养育过程中所致知识和行为的差异。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法，根据地理特征、社会经济发展水平等因素，以中国内地8省（市、自治区）为抽样框，抽取8904名4～6年级小学生作为研究对象，了解其健康知识、行为现状及日常运动、写作业、看电视及周末补眠现状。结果8904名学生家庭 SES 高、中、低所占比例（家庭 SES 评分）分别为33.3％（62.20±7.29）、33.9％（46.76±2.74）和32.8％（39.26±2.37）；儿童健康知识平均为（6.83±4.48）；优秀、良好、不良人数分别为48人（0.54％）、1480人（16.62％）和7376人（82.84％）；儿童健康行为平均得分为（3.43±1.02）；行为不良，良好、优秀分别为4311人（48.42％）、3496人（39.26％）、1097（12.32％）。SES 评分低、中、高家庭的儿童健康知识优秀的比例分别为0.36％（11／3034）、0.59％（17／2905）和0.67％（20／2284），健康行为优秀比例分别为14.83％（450／3034）、12.70％（369／2905）和9.38％（278／2965），不同 SES 家庭小学生健康知识和健康行为的差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为121.75、58.78，P ＜0.01）。高 SES 家庭儿童相比中、低 SES家庭，做作业、看电视、体育活动时间最短，周末不补眠的比例最高。结论SES 不同家庭儿童健康知识、健康行为之间存在差异，存在潜在的健康不公。