80岁及以上患者髋关节置换术围手术期并发症预防和对策

摘要

目的 探讨老年高危患者关节置换术围手术期并发症的预防和处理对策.方法 80～94岁髋关节置换术患者42例,并存重度骨质疏松(Dorr Ⅲ期)24例,采用骨水泥柄双极股骨头置换术25例,非骨水泥柄双极股骨头置换术2例,7例骨水泥全髋关节置换术,3例全髋关节翻修术.结果术中无死亡,1例90岁女性患者术后第5天关节脱位,复位后次日死亡,1例全麻术后昏迷1周后苏醒,5例术后3 d内发生认知障碍.38例(90.5%)出院时可扶助行器行走,患髋关节疼痛缓解.结论 对于需要行髋关节置换术的老年患者,进行关节置换术必须经过围手术期多学科的紧密配合协作,采用对应的手术和治疗对策,这样可以降低手术并发症的发生率或减轻并发症的程度,保证手术的成功.%Objective To investigate the prevention and management strategies of in-hospital complications in the hip replacement in elderly patients(≥80 years old) Methods The data of 42elderly patients with hip replacement between Oct.2004 and Dec.2006 were collected and analyzed.Their age ranged from 80 to 96 years with an average of 84.6 years.Twenty-four cases were associated with severe osteoporosis(Dorr Ⅲ),13 with coronary heard disease,10 with arrhythmia,7with diabetes,5 with cerebral paralysis.Twenty five cases had a cemented stem bipolar femoral head replacement,2 had uncemented stem bipolar femoral head replacement,7 had cemented total hip replacement,3 had revision of total hip replacement. Results No death occurred during operations,1 died postoperatively due to dislocation at the 5th day postoperation.One case had coma for 1 week after general anaesthesia.5 had temporary cognitive handicap,38(90.5%)were able to walk at the aid of walker with easement of pain before discharging. Conclusions To gain good results in elderly patients with hip arthroplasty,less invasive and quick anaesthetic technique and operative procedures are encouraged.Meticulous preoperative preparation.active preventing and treating the intraoperative and postoperative complications should be emphasized.