基于树突细胞的肿瘤疫苗研究进展

摘要

肿瘤免疫治疗虽然早已提出，但作为战胜癌症必不可少的途径是近几年才有的共识。肿瘤免疫治疗可分为主动免疫治疗和被动免疫治疗，但要真正战胜癌症，还是需要安全、有效的主动免疫治疗途径。树突细胞（DC）是衔接天然免疫和适应性免疫的桥梁，也是决定适应性免疫性质，即免疫或耐受的关键细胞。因此，以 DC 为载体的安全、高效、特异和广谱的肿瘤疫苗在肿瘤免疫治疗中具有不可替代的重要地位。由于 DC 的高度异质性，基于 DC 的肿瘤疫苗研究遇到了瓶颈。本文结合笔者的研究经历，综述 DC 肿瘤疫苗的研究进展及其迫切需要解决的问题。%Although tumor immunotherapy has been proposed for many years,the consensus denoting it as an essential approach for fighting against cancer is reached only in recent years. Tumor immunotherapy can be categorized as active and passive ones. In order to successfully cure cancer,safe and efficient active immunotherapy is required. Dendritic cells (DCs)are not only the bridge linking innate and adaptive immunity,but also the key determinants of the quality of adaptive immunity:immunity versus immune tolerance. Therefore,the safe and efficient DC-based tumor-specific and broad-spectral tumor vaccine has an irreplaceable important position in tumor immunotherapy. Because of the high heterogeneity of DCs, the research on DC-based tumor vaccine has encountered a bottleneck. Here,we reviewed the progress in research on DC-based tumor vaccine and related problems needed to be resolved with the incorporation of our experiences.