上海市居民奶类摄入状况及其影响因素

摘要

目的 了解上海居民奶类摄入情况,随季节变化状况及影响奶类摄入的因素.方法 于2012-2014年间4个不同季节在上海市开展人群追踪调查,采用膳食频率法调查奶类摄入情况.结果 上海市居民奶类消费以液态奶和酸奶为主.全年饮奶率为41.8％,饮奶者每天摄入奶类的M=145.3 g,占推荐摄入量的48.4％,全人群奶类摄入达标率为4.5％.四季和全年液态奶、酸奶和总奶饮用率在三类地区的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).春、夏和冬季的奶类摄入量存在地区间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).城市中心地区饮奶率最高,远郊地区最低.液态奶的摄入量在季节间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析显示家庭人均收入高于本地平均、受教育年限越长的人越可能饮奶.自报总体健康状况好和自报睡眠情况好的人较自报一般及差的人更可能饮奶(P＜0.05).结论 上海市居民饮奶率和饮奶量虽然与10年前相比有所上升但仍较低,远郊地区饮奶量最低,季节间差异无统计学意义.促进居民饮奶,需政府从宏观角度调控奶类价格,加强相关的健康教育,引导居民正确选择奶制品.%Objective To understand the dairy product intake in residents of Shanghai,its seasonal changes and the influencing factors.Methods A group of representative residents was surveyed and followed up in four seasons in Shanghai during 2012-2014.Information of the dairy product intake was collected by food frequency questionnaire.Results Liquid milk and yogurt were the main dairy products consumed by the residents of Shanghai.The annual dairy product intake rate was 41.8％,and the median of dairy intake of milk was 145.3 g/d,accounting for 48.4％ of reference dietary intake value,and only 4.5％ of people's diary product intake reached intake reference value.The area specific differences in intake rate of liquid milk,yogurt and total dairy product intake were significant in four seasons and in whole year (P＜0.05).The area specific differences in total dairy product intake were significant (P＜0.05) in spring,summer and winter.In general,it was shown that dairy product intake in urban area was higher than that in suburban area and in rural area.The data of Shanghai and urban area showed that the total dairy product intake was significant different among four seasons (P＜0.05),but no significant difference was observed among four seasons in suburban and rural areas.The logistic regression analysis results showed that people with average household income higher than local average level or higher education levels were more likely to consume dairy products daily.People who reported to have good health status or sleep quality were more likely to drink milk compared to those who have worse health status or sleep quality (P＜0.05).Conclusions Even though dairy product intake rate and volume have been improved in residents in Shanghai,it is still stay at lower level,especially in rural area.To promote consumption of dairy products,it is necessary to control diary product price from macro perspective,and strengthen healthy education about the importance of dairy product intake and guide residents to select suitable dairy products.