流感疫苗研制的新策略

摘要

Influenza, caused by influenza virus, is a serious respiratory illness which poses a global public health threat. Vaccination is the primary strategy for the prevention and control of influenza. Although both inactivated vaccines and the live attenuated vaccines are effective in preventing influenza, the current vaccines have poor efficacy in the elderly and fail to provide protection against heterosubtype viruses. Development of a safer and more effective influenza vaccine that provides broad cross protection, overcoming the intrinsic limitation of the current vaccines, has been a scientific challenge.During the past decades, structural biology, reverse genetic and other virological technologies developed quickly and sped the progress of influenza vaccinology. Some new strategies for developing influenza vaccine have been generated, produced encouraging results, which showed great prospect as next-generation of influenza vaccines.%流感病毒感染可引起急性呼吸道传染病,严重危害人类的健康与生命.疫苗免疫是防控流感的重要手段.目前广泛应用的传统灭活疫苗和减毒活疫苗,在预防流感中发挥了重要作用,但存在通用性差和免疫效率低等不足.研制更为安全高效特别是能针对多种流感亚型的新型广谱疫苗成为当前流感疫苗研究的热点.随着结构生物学和反向遗传生物学等新技术的迅速发展,一些新策略不断应用于新型流感疫苗的研究,显示出良好的应用前景.