《黄帝内经》中“汗”的内涵简析

摘要

为在教学和临床实践中更好地运用“汗”的相关理论,系统梳理、分析《黄帝内经》(以下简称《内经》)中有关“汗”的记载,归纳了“汗”的5种内涵,分别是人体生理、病理产物、病因、预后依据及治法.作为生理、病理产物,影响汗出量多少的原因很多(其中病理性汗出的病因包括表、里、寒、热、虚、实等),但从发生机制来看,都影响了汗出来源津液、动力阳气、通路腠理三要素.相较于表里,以三要素为纲目归类病理性汗出的病因更符合临床诊断思路.因此,后人将《内经》中描述脉象及汗出表现的“阳加于阴谓之汗”赋予汗出机制的新内涵.另外《内经》非常重视汗出动态变化对疾病发展的影响,并作为诊断、预后的重要依据,而这部分现今很少被提及,值得今人重视.%To using the theory of perspiration in the teaching and clinical practice,the paper combed and analyzed the statements about sweat systematically.There are five meanings about sweat,including the physiological product of body fluid,the symptom caused by various diseases,the etiological factor theoretical basis for diagnosis and prognosis and the therapy.There are three regulated factors in the process of sweat production:material source-body fluid,power supply-Yang QI,path-Couli.The normal sweat is produced by cooperation work.