长沙市医学院校本科临床专业大学生结核病防治知识、实践和态度调查

摘要

目的 调查临床专业大学生的结核病防治知识、实践及态度情况,为指导医学院校结核病教学及培养结核病防治专业人才提供依据.方法 采用横断面流行病学调查方法,于2016年3-6月对长沙医学院临床专业五年级1100名学生进行结核病防治知识、经验和态度情况的问卷调查,共发放调查问卷1100份,回收987份,回收率89.7％,其中有效问卷943份,有效率95.5％.数据结果采用描述性统计方法,使用非条件logistic回归模型分析结核病防治知识知晓情况的影响因素.结果 仅25.3％ (239/943)的调查对象认为自身存在结核病患病风险,16.0％(151/943)接受过结核菌素皮肤试验(PPD)检测.本研究大学生结核病防治总体知识知晓率为44.1％(13 297/30 176),流行病与预防知识知晓率为53.4％ (6551/12 259),诊断知识知晓率为33.7％(4447/13 202),治疗知识知晓率为48.8％(2299/4715).多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示:至少观察过1例结核病患者[β=-0.72,Wald x2=10.22,P=0.001,OR(95％CI)-0.49(0.31～0.76)]、观阅过结核病患者胸片[β=-0.66,Wald x2 =5.54,P=0.019,OR(95％CI) =0.52(0.30～0.90)]的医学生结核病防治知识水平相对较高.结论 医学院校大学生结核病防治知识、经验和态度亟待提高,应加强结核病课程教学改革,强化结核病实践技能的规范化实习.%Objective To explore the knowledge,practice and attitude of tuberculosis (TB) control and prevention among medical students at a college in Hunan in order to provide the basis for TB teaching and professional training.Methyls A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to June 2016 on 1100 fifth year medical students at a medical college in Hunan,using a questionnaire on TB knowledge,practice and attitude,1100 questionnaires were distributed and 987 were collected,and the collecting rate was 89.7％.Among the questionnaire collected,943 were valid,and the valid rate was 95.5％.The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics and nonconditional logistic model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the awareness.Results Only 25.3％ (239/943) were aware of being at risk of TB and 16.0％ (151/943) received Mantoux test.The overall awareness rate of TB control and prevention was 44.1％ (13 297/30 176),and that was 53.4％ (6551/12 259) for epidemiology and prevention,33.7％ (4447/13 202) for diagnosis,and 48.8％ (2299/4715) for treatment.The non-conditional logistic regression confirmed the association between having observed at least 1 TB case (β=-0.72,Wald x2 =10.22,P=0.001,OR=0.49,95％CI:0.31-0.76),as well as having read at least 1 X-ray of a TB patient (β=0.66,Waldx2=5.54,P=0.019,OR=0.52,95％CI:0.30-0.90).Conclusion The level of knowledge,practice and attitude on TB in medical students should be promoted immediately.The current curriculum programs of infectious diseases refer to TB in medical schools should be reformed,especially in strengthening the capability of TB clinical practice.