稀释和低温保存对鸡精液品质和受精能力的影响

摘要

本研究旨在探索稀释和低温保存处理对鸡精液品质和受精能力的影响,以优化鸡精液的短期保存条件.试验采集30只北京油鸡精液,混匀后等量分为4组:A组精液不处理作为对照,B组用BPSE稀释液按照1:1比例稀释,C组精液离心后,去除上层精浆,加入与精浆等体积的BPSE稀释液重新混匀,D组在C组处理的基础上再用BPSE稀释液按照1∶1比例稀释.每组精液分为两份,一份用于直接输精和精液品质测定,另一份在4℃保存,期间每隔8h检测一次精液品质,24 h后输精,每组收集种蛋120枚左右,统计受精率和孵化率等指标.结果表明:不同稀释处理后,C和D组精子活力极显著低于A组对照和B组(P＜0.01),B组和C组的受精率、人孵蛋的孵化率和受精蛋的孵化率与A组无显著差异,但是D组3项指标均极显著低于A组对照(P＜0.01).随着4℃保存时间的延长,4组精子活力均极显著降低(P＜0.01),其中C和D组降低的幅度显著低于A组对照和B组.精子畸形率随着低温保存时间的延长而显著增加(P＜0.05),且畸形主要表现为头部肿胀,颈部弯曲和尾部断裂.与直接输精相比,低温保存24 h后,A、B和C组的受精率和孵化率都显著降低(P＜0.05),但是D组低温保存前后的受精率和孵化率差异均不显著(P＞0.05),分别可以达到71％和82％.综上表明,新鲜精液可以进行1:1稀释后输精,在不影响受精率的前提下可以提高公鸡配种能力.在需要短期保存精液后进行输精时,可以将采集的新鲜精液离心去除精浆并进行稀释,保存于4℃,从而降低精子活力的下降幅度,维持受精能力.%This study explored the influence of dilution and low-temperature preservation on chicken semen quality and fertility,aiming at optimizing the short-term preservation conditions for the chicken semen.The semen samples collected from 30 Beijing-You chickens were mixed gently and divided into 4 groups:Group A:original semen as a control group;Group B:diluted with BPSE (1 ∶ 1);Group C:diluted with BPSE (1∶1) after removing seminal plasma;Group D:further diluted with BPSE (1:1)based on group C.Semen of each group was further divided into two proportions.One was used for the semen quality estimation and artificial insemination (AI) and the other was stored at 4 ℃ for semen quality evaluation at 8,16,and 24 hours post storage and also AI at 24 hours post storage.For each group,around 120 eggs were collected for hatching to evaluate the fertility and hatching performance.As a result of different dilution groups,sperm motility of group C and D were lower than that of group A and B.Group A,B,and C did not show any difference in fertility or hatchability.The group D,however,showed significantly lower fertility and hatchability (P＜0.01).The results of 4 ℃ storage revealed that,sperm motility of 4 groups decreased significantly (P＜0.01).Group C and D decreased more quickly than group A and B.The sperm deformity were also increased during the storage (P＜0.05),which were mainly characterized by swelling heads,bending necks,and cracking tails.Fertility and hatchability of group A,B,and C decreased significantly after 24 hours of storage at 4 ℃ (P＜0.05).The fertility and hatchability of group D after storage were 71 ％ and 82％,respectively,which were as high as those of before storage.The results in the present study indicated that,firstly,dilution of semen is feasible to increase the AI efficiency without decreasing the fertility;secondly,removing semen plasma and diluting before 4 ℃ storage may maintain the sperm motility and guarantee higher fertility.