This study was designed to determine the effects of dietary arginine on tissue development and casein synthesis of mammary gland in puerperium Wistar rats. Littermate⁃control test was used and 12 pregnant Wistar rats were allocated randomly to 2 groups equally. The diet of arginine group was formulated with a basal diet supplemented with equal content of arginine with the basal diet ( dietary arginine content was 1. 280%) , and that of control group was added with glutamate to replace arginine of arginine group and to balance dietary ni⁃trogen level. The experiment contained an pre⁃experimental period ( 4 days, 4 days before delivery) and a ex⁃perimental period ( 17 days, 17 days after delivery) . Finally, mammary gland tissue was collected for histolog⁃ic section making and casein content examination. The results showed that arginine could promote mammary tissue development embodying in significant increasing in mammary acinar area (P<0.01). Moreover, argi⁃nine significantly increased the content ofβ⁃casein of mammary gland ( P<0.05);and body weight of puerpe⁃rium rats was also increased in numerical value (P>0.05). Taken together, dietary arginine can significantly promote tissue development and increase β⁃casein content of mammary gland in Wistar rats.%本试验旨在研究饲粮添加精氨酸（ Arg）对娩后Wistar大鼠乳腺组织发育及其酪蛋白合成的影响。采用同窝对照的方法，选择同窝12只已受孕的 Wistar 大鼠，随机平均分为2组。Arg组在基础饲粮中添加与其等量的Arg（饲粮Arg含量1．280％），对照组饲粮用谷氨酸替代Arg组中的Arg以平衡饲粮氮水平。预试期4 d（分娩前4天）和正试期17 d（分娩后17天），结束后采集泌乳大鼠的乳腺组织，制作组织切片并测定其酪蛋白含量。结果表明：Arg能促进乳腺组织的发育，且乳腺腺泡切面面积的极显著增大（ P＜0．01）。另外，Arg对乳腺β－酪蛋白的含量有显著的提高作用（ P＜0．05），同时娩后大鼠体重也有增加的趋势（ P＞0．05）。结果提示，饲粮添加Arg对Wistar大鼠乳腺组织发育及β－酪蛋白的合成有显著的促进作用。
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