不同油脂对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

摘要

The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of diet supplemented with different oils on growth performance, carcass quality, meat quality and plasma lipid metabolism in broilers.Three hundred and sixty 1-day-old healthy male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 4 groups fed 4 diets supplemented with soybean oil ( SO, control) , chicken oil ( CO) , linseed oil ( LO) and fish oil ( FO) , respectively.The supplemental level of oil was 3.0%during starter phase (1 to 21 days of age) and 3.5%during later phase (22 to 42 days of age) , respectively.The results showed as follows:1) body weight at 42 days of age and average daily gain ( ADG) in later phase and whole phase in broilers of FO group were significantly decreased com-pared with SO and CO groups ( P<0.05 ) .2 ) Compared with SO group, breast muscle percentage of CO group at 21 days of age was significantly decreased (P<0.05), however that of FO group at 42 days of age was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) .3) Compared with SO group, drip loss of CO and FO groups was sig-nificantly increased ( P<0.05 ); pH45 min and ΔpH of CO and LO groups were significantly increased ( P<0.05); light intensity value after 45 min of slaughter ( L*45 min ) of CO group was significantly increased ( P<0.05) , while L*45 min value and light intensity value after 24 h of slaughter ( L*24 h ) of FO group were signifi-cantly decreased (P<0.05);red value after 45 min of slaughter (a*45 min) of LO and FO groups was significant-ly increased (P<0.05), but red value after 24 h of slaughter (a*24 h) in broilers fed CO was significantly lower (P<0.05); yellow values after 45 min of slaughter (b*45min) and 24 h of slaughter (b*24h) of CO and LO groups were significantly higher ( P<0.05 ) , and b*24 h value of FO group was significantly increased ( P<0.05) .4) Total cholesterol ( TG) content in plasma of LO group at ages of 21 and 42 days was significantly lower than that of CO group.Compared with SO group, triglyceride ( TC) and low density lipoprotein choles-terol ( LDL-C) contents in plasma at age of 42 days of LO group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05);high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) content at age of 42 days of CO group was significantly higher ( P<0.05) .Therefore, compared with SO, growth performance in broilers fed CO is not affected but the meat col-or is lower and drip loss are higher;better meat color, lower growth performance and higher drip loss of mus-cle are obtained in broilers fed FO;LO has no effect on the growth performance of broilers, can regulate the plasma lipid metabolism, and improve meat color.%本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同油脂对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质以及血浆脂质代谢的影响。选取健康的1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡公雏360只，随机分成4个组，分别采食含有豆油（ SO，对照）、鸡油（ CO）、亚麻油（ LO）和鱼油（ FO）的饲粮，油脂添加水平前期（1～21日龄）为3．0％，后期（22～42日龄）为3．5％。结果表明：1） FO组肉仔鸡42日龄体重（ BW）、后期和全期的平均日增重（ ADG）显著低于SO和CO组（ P＜0．05）。2）与SO组相比，21日龄时CO组的胸肌率显著降低（P＜0．05），42日龄时FO组的胸肌率显著降低（P＜0．05）。3）与SO组相比，CO和FO组的滴水损失显著增加（ P＜0．05）；CO和LO组胸肌肌肉的pH45 min和ΔpH显著增加（P＜0．05）；CO组屠宰后45 min 亮度（L*45 min）值显著增加（P＜0．05），FO组L*45 min和屠宰后24 h亮度（ L*24 h ）值显著降低（ P＜0．05）；LO和FO组屠宰后45 min红度（ a*45 min ）值显著增加（ P＜0．05），CO组屠宰后24 h红度（a*24 h）值显著降低（P＜0．05）；CO和LO组屠宰后45 min黄度（b*45 min）和24 h黄度（b*24 h）值显著增加（P＜0．05），FO组b*24 h值显著增加（P＜0．05）。4）与CO组相比，LO组21和42日龄血浆总胆固醇含量显著降低（ P＜0．05）；与SO组相比，42日龄LO组甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著降低（ P＜0．05）；与SO组相比，CO组42日龄高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著增加（ P＜0．05）。可见，与SO相比，CO不影响肉仔鸡生长性能，可致肉色变差和滴水损失增加；FO降低了肉仔鸡的生长性能，可改善肉色，但肌肉滴水损失增加；LO不影响肉仔鸡生长性能，可调节血浆脂质代谢，并改善肉色。